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Module 5 & 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Frontalis | Raises the eyebrows when glancing upward |
| Brachialis | The prime mover when flexing the forearm |
| Rectus abdominis | Flexes the lumbar region of the spinal cord to cause bending over at the waist |
| Deltoid | Abducts flexes and rotates the arm |
| Triceps brachii | The prime mover when extending the forearm |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Flexes the head |
| Latissimus dorsi | Adducts the humerus and extends the upper arm backward, such as when climbing or swimming |
| Gastrocnemius | One of the bulging muscles in the calf |
| Iliopsoas | Flexes the thigh |
| Trapezius | Raises and lowers the shoulders |
| Pectoralis major | Flexes and adducts the upper arm, such as when climbing or hugging |
| Sartorius | The longest muscle in the body;aids in flexion of the hip and knee |
| Quadriceps femoris | most powerful muscle in the body |
| External intercostals | Elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| What is the function of flat bones? | Thin, flat, and often curved bones. Send, flat, and often curved bones. They protect organs and some provide a large surface area for the attachment of muscles |
| Epiphysis | the head of each long bone |
| Articular cartilage | Covering the surface of the epiphysis and cartilage |
| Diaphysis | The central shaft like portion of the bone |
| Periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane covering the shaft |
| Medullary cavity | The cerebral hollow portion |
| What kind of tissue is bone made of | bone tissue or Matrix consists of collagen fibers and crystalline salts |
| Describe the compressional strength | calcium salts allowed bones to resist strong squeezing forces |
| Discuss the action of the yellow bone marrow | Saturated with fat and replaces red marrow over time |
| What is the skeleton in a developing fetus made of | Cartilage and fibrous connective tissue |
| Discuss the fontanels | Soft spot |
| Discuss the endochondral ossification | Cartilage turns to bone in long bones |
| List the nutrients necessary for proper bone growth | Calcium phosphorus vitamins a c and d |
| Define greenstick fracture and what age group does this common occur in | Splits the bone like a green stick and it happens to kids |
| Define commuted fracture and what is the common cause for this type of fracture | smashing of several bones and happens in car accidents |
| How long does it take for uncomplicated fractures to heal | 8 to 12 weeks |
| how many bones do most adults have | 206 |
| axial skeleton consists of the following bones | Skull, spine or vertebral column, and thorax, or ribs |
| Describe the sinuses and how do sinuses produce sound production | 4 pairs of sinuses filled with air open into the internal nose; they lighten the skull and act as resonators for a sound production |
| List the five sections of the vertebral column | Circle, thoracic, Lombard, sacral, coccyx |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | Hunchback |
| Lordosis | swayback a lumbar curvature |
| Vertebral foramen | An opening that allows passage of spinal cord |
| Body | The weight-bearing portion |
| Spinous process | Projects posteriorly from the vertebra |
| Transverse processes | Extend from each side of the vertebrae also serves as attachment points for muscles and ligaments |
| The design of the intervertebral disc to support | Weight and absorb shock |
| What are true ribs | Ribs 1 through 7 and attach to the sternum |
| Scapula | Shoulder blade |
| Acromion process | an extension of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle |
| Radius | One of the two bones of the lower arm thumb side |
| Proximal head | a distinctive disc that rotates on the humerus when the Palm is turned forward and back |
| Humerus | Long bone of the upper arm |
| Radial tuberosity | Where the biceps muscle attaches to the Bone |
| How many bones are in the wrist | 8 |
| Which bone is longest and strongest bone in the body | Femur |
| Describe the patella | Kneecap a triangular sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of the knee |
| Pivot joint | Formed by the first and second cervical vertebra allows bones to rotate |
| Hinge joint | Allows only back-and-forth movements for example the elbow |
| Gliding joint | Two relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other for example tarsal bones of the ankle |
| Ball and socket joint | Ball shaped head of one bone fits into a cup light socket of another bone offers widest range of motion of all joints for example shoulder and hips |
| Saddle joint | The services of both bones are shaped like the surface of a saddle when perched on top of each other they move back and forth and from side to side found only in thumbs |
| Condyloid joint | Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another for example distal end of radius with the carpal bones of the wrist |
| Cardiac muscle | Involuntarily it appears striped and it's only in the heart |
| Smooth muscle | involuntary non striated found in digestive tract, blood vessels, bladder, Airways and uterus |
| Skeletal | Voluntary, striated, and attached to the Bone for movement |
| Muscle fiber | Skeletal muscle cell |
| Epimysium | Layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibers together |
| Muscle tone | A continuous state of partial muscle contraction in which muscles are at their optimal resting |
| Threshold | A minimum voltage needed to cause muscle fiber contraction |
| What affects the force of contraction | Affected by the size of the muscle, the degree of stretch, and the number of muscle fibers Contracting |
| Discuss the process of how the body needs the oxygen needs during exercise | Aerobic respiration of fatty acids to creatine phosphates to anaerobic respiration of glucose to aerobic respiration of glucose |
| Prime Movers | The main muscle triggering the movement |
| Synergists | The muscles that assist |
| Antagonist | The muscles balancing these movements |
| What are the muscles involved in breathing | External intercostals, internal intercostals, and diaphragm |
| Biceps brachii | Assist the brachialis when flexing the forearm |
| Brachioradialis | |
| Helps the brachialis and biceps brachii Flex the forearm | |
| Vastus lateralis and vastus medialis | Part of the femur muscle group it's the prime mover for knee extension |
| Gluteus maximus | The book East muscle of the body. It produces the back swing of the leg when walking and provides most of the power for climbing stairs |
Created by:
Ahowerton
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