Term | Definition |
sympathomimetic | agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
hypophysis | pituitary gland |
adenohypophysis | anterior lobe of pituitary. 6 hormones |
neurohypophysis | posterior lobe of pituitary. ADH and oxytocin |
thyroid gland | largest. 2 lobes |
isthmus | connects two lobes of thyroid gland |
thyroid hormone (TH) | body's major metabolic hormone |
Th consists of | T3 and T4. T4 converted to T3 at target site |
Parathyroid hormone | helps regulate calcium balance |
adrenal glands AKA | suprarenal glands |
mineralocorticoids | maintain balance of electrolytes in kidneys |
Glucocorticoids | influence metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins |
epinephrine | maintains blood pressure, cardiac output, dilates airways, and raises blood glucose levels |
norepinephrine | raises blood pressure |
crino | secrete |
kali | potassium |
-crine | secrete |
-dipsia | thirst |
cretinism | newborns. mental retardation, impaired growth, low body temp, abnormal bone formation |
myzedema | hypothyroidism in adults. edema, low levels of T3 and T4, weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, depression, muscle/joint pain, and sluggishness |
Graves disease | hyperthyroidism. elevated metabolic rate, abnormal weight loss, excessive perspiration, muscle weakness, emotional instability |
toxic goiter | excessive release of thyroid-stimulating hormone |
hypoparathyroidism | elevated calcium levels, spasms |
hyperparathyroidism | benign tumors. demineralization of bones |
Addison disease | adrenal cortex damaged. interferes with body's ability to handle stress. severe dehydration, muscle weakness, anorexia, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hypotension, low blood sodium and high serum potassium |
Cushing Syndrom | excessive amounts of cortisol. moon-shaped face, grossly exaggerated head and trunk, pencil thin arms and legs, fatigue, high bp, excessive hair growth in unusual places |
pheochromocytoma | excessive amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine. high bp, rapid heart rate, stress, fear, palpitations, headaches, visual blurring, muscle spasms, and sweating |
type 1 diabetes | children genetic |
type 2 diabetes | adults. eating habits |
gestational diabetes | during pregnancy |
acromegaly | rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands and feet to grow larger than normal |
diuresis | increased formation and secretion of urine |
glycosuria | abnormal amount of glucose in the urine |
hirsutism | excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women |
hypervolemia | increased blood volume |
hyponatremia | lower than normal level of sodium in the blood |
insulinoma | tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas |
panhypopituitarism | total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity |
thyroid storm | crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone |
virilism | masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman |
exophthalmometry | measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball |
transsphenoidal hypophysectomy | endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the spheroid sinus without disturbing brain tissue |