Term | Definition |
Osteomalacia | Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the blood |
Osteomyelitis | A local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow |
Osteoporosis | Porous bones, bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density, Greatest susceptibility to fractures |
Osteochondroma | Most common benign bone tumor, Most frequently involves the Femur and Tibia |
Paget's Disease | Nonmetabolic disease of the bone, also known as Osteitis Deformans, excessive bone destruction and disorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts. Bone is weak and prone to fractures |
Spinal Stenosis | Narrowing of the vertebral canal, Congenital or due to spinal degeneration |
Talipes Equinovarus | Clubfoot, Foot fixed in plantar flexion deviating medially, with heel in elevated position |
Kyphosis | Outward curvature = humpback or hunchback |
Lordosis | Inward curvature = swayback |
Scoliosis | Lateral (sideward) curvature, Curvature may be to left or right |
Closed Fracture | Break in the bone but no open wound in skin
-simple fracture |
Open Fracture | Break in bone, as well as an open wound in skin
-Compound fracture |
Complete facture | Break extends through the entire thickness of bone |
Incomplete Fracture | One side of bone is broken and one side of bone is bent considerably but not broken
-greenstick fracture |
Colles' fracture | Break occurs at lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with wrist bones |
Hairline Fracture | Minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment (stress fracture) |
Compression fracture | Caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other |
Impacted fracture | Direct force causes bone to break, Forces broken end of smaller bone into broken end larger bone |
Comminuted Fracture | Splintered |
Pathological Fracture | Bone is weakened by a preexisting disease, Break is in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break |
Treatment of fractures | Closed reduction, open reduction |
Bone scan | Intravenous injection of a radioscope, which is absorbed by bone tissue, followed by scanning of the skeleton approx. 3hrs later to dtect areas where the bone absorbs the isoscope |
Bone marrow aspiration | Removal of a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle, specimen is examined under a microscope, sterile technique |
Noninvasive procedures for evaluating bone density | -Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), most commonly used procedure
-Dual photon absorptiometry
Quantative computed tomography(QCT) not frequently used |
Occult Fracture | A fracture that cannot be detected on and Xray until a few weeks after the injury occurs. |
Ossification | The conversion of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or a boney substance |