Question | Answer |
Describe capillaries. | Join arterial system with venous system Most significant of blood vessels Provide cells with vital products Remove waste products from cells |
Describe the heart. | Hollow, muscular organ lying in the mediastinum that propels blood to entire body |
Describe the SA node. (sinoatrial ) | Located in upper portion of right atrium Has built-in rhythm Initiates and transmits each heart beat Sets basic pace for cardiac rate |
How do veins return blood to the heart? | Skeletal muscle contraction
Gravity Respiratory activity Valves |
How is blood supplied to the heart muscle? | Coronary arteries |
Name the factors that influence blood pressure. | Resistance of blood flow Pumping action of heart Viscosity of blood Elasticity of arteries Quantity of blood |
Name the four structures responsible for electrical conduction of the heart | SA node AV node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers |
Name the three layers of the heart. | Endocardium
Myocardium Epicardium |
What are the three layers of artery walls? | Tunica externa Tunica media Tunica intima |
What are the three major types of blood vessels? | Arteries Capillaries Veins |
What are valves? | Small structures within veins that prevent backflow of blood |
What is endocarditis? | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves |
What type of blood do arteries carry? | Oxygenated |
What type of blood do veins carry? | Deoxygenated |
Where is each heart valve located? | Tricuspid
o Right ventricle and right atrium
Pulmonic
o Pulmonary arteries and right ventricle
Bicuspid AKA Mitral
o Left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic
o Aorta and left ventricle |
Angioplasty | Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed
blood vessels |
Cardioversion | Applying controlled electrical shock to the exterior of
the chest |
DVT (deep vein thrombosis) | Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body |
Thrombosis | Blood clot that obstructs a vessel |
Bicuspid valve | Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle;
aka mitral valve |
Pulmonary artery | Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
to the lungs |
Pulmonary vein | Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the
lungs |
Beta-blockers (beta blockers) | Causes a decrease of heart rate and contractility |
Inferior vena cava | Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the
lower portion to the right atrium
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Superior vena cava | Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top
portion to the right atrium |
Varicose veins | Condition which develops when the valves of the
veins are damaged |
Hypertension | Consistently elevated blood pressure |
Hypotension | Decreased blood pressure |
Thrombolysis | Destruction of a blood clot |
Catheter ablation | Destruction of conductive tissue of the heart |
Necrosis | Destruction of tissue |
Stent | Device used to hold open vessels |
Nitrates | Dilate blood vessels of the heart |
Holter monitor | ECG recording system capable of storing 24 to 48
hours of tracings |
Pericardium | Fibrous sac which encloses the heart |
Atherosclerosis | Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of
plaque in the arteries |
Arteriosclerosis | Hardening and narrowing of an artery |
Arrhythmia | Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus
rhythm |
Insufficiency | Inability of the valves to close properly |
Valvotomy | Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening |
Diuretics | Increase excretion of water and sodium |
Phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein |
Endocardium | Innermost layer of the heart |
Angina | Intermittent chest pain |
MI (myocardial infarction) | Life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in
the myocardium |
Ischemia | Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply |
Aneurysm | Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel |
Tricuspid valve | Located between the right atrium and right ventricle |
ACE inhibitors | Lowers blood pressure |
Statins | Lowers cholesterol |
Embolism | Mass lodged in a blood vessel |
Myocardium | Muscular layer of the heart |
Coarctation | Narrowing of a vessel |
Infarction | Necrosis of tissue following cessation of blood supply |
Epicardium | Outermost layer of the heart |
Cardiac catheterization | Passage of a catheter into the heart |
Pulmonic valve | Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle |
Laser ablation | Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins |
Palpitation | Sensation that the heart is not beating normally |
Lipid panel | Series of tests used to assess risk of ischemic heart
disease |
Bruit | Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation |
Systole | The contraction phase of the heart |
Diastole | The relaxation phase of the heart |
Doppler u/s | Ultrasound that assesses different areas of the heart |
Echocardiogram | Ultrasound used to visualize internal cardiac structures |
AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
AF | atrial fibrillation |
BBB | bundle branch block |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
CC | cardiac catheterization |
CCU | coronary care unit |
CHD | coronary heart disease |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CV | cardiovascular |
DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
ECG | electrocardiogram |
ECHO | echocardiogram |
EF | ejection fraction |
HF | heart failure |
HTN | hypertension |
IV | intravenous |
LA | left atrium |
LV | left ventricle |
MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
PAC | premature atrial contraction |
PVC | premature vascular contraction |
SA | sinoatrial |
SOB | shortness of breath |
VT | ventricular tachycardia |