Question | Answer |
albumin | protein in blood |
antibody | protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. |
basophil | granulocytic white blood cells with granules that stain blue when exposed to basic dye |
bilirubin | orange-yellow pigment in bile |
coagulation | blood clotting |
colony-stimulating factor (CSF) | protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells. |
differentiation | change in structure and function of a cell as it matures |
electrophoresis | method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge |
eosinophil | granulocytic white blood cell with granules that stain red with the acidic dye eosin |
erythrocyte | red blood cell |
erythropoietin (EPO) | hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates formation of red blood cells |
fibrin | protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot |
fibrinogen | plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process. |
globulins | part of blood containing different plasma proteins. |
granulocyte | white blood cell with numerous dark staining granules |
heme | iron-containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule |
hemoglobin | blood protein containing iron |
hemolysis | destruction or breakdown of blood |
heparin | anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells |
immune reaction | response of the immune system to foreign invasion |
immunoglobulin | protein with antibody activity |
leukocyte | white blood cell |
lymphocyte | mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies |
macrophage | monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces |
megakaryocyte | large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow |
monocyte | large mononuclear phagocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow |
mononuclear | pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus |
neutrophil | granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow |
plasma | liquid portion of blood |
plasmapheresis | removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge |
platelet | smallest blood cell |
prothrombin | plasma protein |
reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte with a network of stands that are seen after staining the cell with special dyes |
Rh factor | antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals |
serum | plasma minus clotting proteins and cells |
stem cell | unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms |
thrombin | enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation |
thrombocyte | platelet |
chrom/o | color |
coagul/o | clotting |
cyt/o | cell |
eosin/o | red, dawn, rosy |
erthr/o | red |
granul/o | granules |
hem/o | blood |
hemat/o | blood |
hemoglobin/o | hemoglobin |
is/o | same, equal |
kary/o | nucleus |
leuk/o | white |
mon/o | one, single |
morph/o | shape, form |
myel/o | bone marrow |
neutr/o | neutral |
nucle/o | nucleus |
bas/o | base |
phag/o | eat, swallow |
poikil/o | varied, irregular |
sider/o | iron |
spher/o | globe, round |
thromb/o | clot |
-apheresis | removal, a carrying away |
-blast | immature cell, embryonic |
-cytosis | abnormal condition of cells |
-emia | blood condition |
-globin | protein |
-globulin | protein |
-lytic | pertaining to destruction |
-oid | derived from |
-osis | abnormal condition |
-penia | deficiency |
-phage | eat, swallow |
-philia | attraction for |
-phoresis | carrying, transmission |
-phoiesis | formation |
-stasis | stop, control |
anemia | deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin |
aplastic anemia | failure of blood cell production due to aplasia of bone marrow cells |
hemolytic anemia | reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction |
pernicious anemia | lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body |
sickle cell anemia | a hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis |
thalassemia | an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin |
hemochromatosis | excess iron deposits throughout the body |
polycythemia vera | general increase in red blood cells |
hemophilia | excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of one of the protein substances necesary for blood clotting |
purpura | multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin |
leukemia | increase in cancerous white blood cells |
acute myelogenous leukemia | immature granulocytes perdominate |
acute lymphocytic leukemia | immature lymphocytes predominate |
chronic myelogenous leukemia | both mature and immature granulocytes are present in the marrow and bloodstream |
chronic lymphocytic leukemia | abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. |
remission | disappearance of signs of disease |
relapse | reapperance of leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow |
pancytopenia | stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes |
petechiae | tine purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages |
ecchymoses | larger blue or purplish patches on the skin |
autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura | condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys platelets |
granulocytosis | abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood |
eosinophilia | increase in eosinophilic granulocytes |
basophilia | increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia |
mononucleosis | an infection disease marked by increased numbers of leukocutes and englarged cervical lymph nodes |
multiple myeloma | malignant neoplasm of bone marrow |
bence jones protein | immunoglobulin fragment found in urine |
antiglobulin test | test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes |
bleeding time | time required for blood to stop flowing from a tine puncture wound |
coagulation time | time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube |
complete blood count (CBC) | determination of the number of red and white cells and platelets, hemoglobin level and hematocrit, and red cell indices |
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma |
hematocrit (Hct) | percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood |
hemoglobin test (H, Hg, HGB) | total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood |
partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | measures the presence of plasma factors that act in a portion of the coagulation pathway |
platelet count | number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter of blood |
prothrombin time (PT) | test the ability of blood to clot |
red blood cell count (RBC) | number of erythrocytes per cubin millimeter or microliter of blood |
red blood cell morphology | microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells |
white blood cell count (WBC) | number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood |
white blood cell differential | percentage of the total WBC made up by different types of leukocutes |
apheresis | separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood |
blood transfusion | whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient |
bone marrow biopsy | microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle |
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered into a recipients vein |