Question | Answer |
Most common cause of ckd | diabetes |
Other causes of ckd | hypertension, glomerulonephritis, immune causes, polycystic kidney disease |
What happens during kidney failure? | oliguria, hyperkalemia, fluid and sodium retention, anemia, acidosis, low serum calcium, |
BUN normal | 8-18mg/dL |
BUN early CKD | >35mg/dL |
BUN kidney failure | 60-80mg/dL |
Stage 1 kidney | normal function, kidney damage |
Stage 2 kidney | mild decrease in GFR |
Stage 3 kidney | early/late; moderate decrease in GFR |
Stage 4 kidney | severe decrease in GFR |
Stage 5 kidney | kidney failure |
Dietary sources of phosphorus | preservatives, meat, dairy, soda |
Blood pressure kidney | <140/90 generally; use ACE inhibitors or ARB inhibitors if necessary |
Sodium CKD | <2g/day |
Ha1c CKD | <7% |
Kcal on dialysis | 23-35 |
4 additional medications for CKD | EPO, fiber, hypotensive agents, statins |
vitamins CKD | need activated vitamin D, no more fat soluble, folic acid/C because get removed (similar MW) |
minerals CKD | Fe (need epo), Ca >1 <2 (need activated vitamin D) |
two most common comorbidities CKD | HTN, DM |
fluid CKD | 1000 mL (4 cups) |
BUN goal dialysis | 60-80 mg/dL |
PO4 goal dialysis | 4.5-5.5 mg/dL |
PTH goal dialysis | 150-300 pg/mL |
K goal dialysis | 4.5-5.5 mEq/L |
Foods high in K | bananas, spinach, nuts, potatoes, pumpkin, OJ, prune juice |
PO4 per day pre-dialysis | 12mg/kg |
PO4 per day post-dialysis | 17mg/kg |