Question | Answer |
term that refers to the food that we eat and the nutrients they contain | Nutrition |
use of nutrients | Metabolism |
breaking | Catabolism |
building | Anabolism |
produces bile, maintains normal blood glucose, produces prothrombin and fibrinogen, detoxifies the body, and stores vitamins and minerals | liver |
The energy transferred to ATP molecules differs in two ways from the energy stored in nutrient molecules | 1) the energy in ATP molecules is not stored but is released almost instantaneously. 2) It can be used directly to do cellular work |
normal glucose levels | 80-110 mg in 100 mL of blood |
Lowers glucose levels | Insulin |
Hormones that increase glucose levels | Growth hormone, hydrocortisone, epinephrine, glucagon |
fats not needed for catabolism are instead stored where | in the adipose tissue |
formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds | gluconeogenesis |
assembled from a pool of at least 20 different kinds of amino acids | Protein |
amino acids that must be in a diet | Essential |
amino acids that can be missing from the diet that can be made by the body | Nonessential |
organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism throughout the body | Vitamins |
free radicals | antioxidant |
vitamins A,D,E, and K | fat soluble vitamins |
vitamins B and C | water soluble vitamins |
vitamin deficiency | avitaminosis |
vitamin C deficiency | scurvy |
vitamin excess | hypervitaminosis |
inorganic elements that are found in the Earth | Minerals |
rate at which nutrients are catabolized when that individual is resting | basal metabolic rate |
total amount of energy used by the body per day | total metabolic rate |
refusal to eat | anorexia |
"food binge" and then induce vomiting | Bulimia |
over eating behavior, can cause diabetes, cancer, and heart disease | obesity |
abnormal condition resulting from a deficiency of calories in general and protein in particular | Protein calorie malnutrition |
lack of calories and proteins | marasmus |
protein deficiency and sufficient calories | Kwashiorkor |
flow of heat waves away from the blood | radiation |
transfer of heat energy to the skin and then the external environment | conduction |
transfer of heat energy to air that is continually flowing away from the skin | convection |
absorption of heat by water vaporization | evaporation |
two of the body's processes that can be altered to adjust the body's temperature | shivering and secretion of metabolism-regulating hormones |
high body temperature, pyrogens | fever |
abnormally increased body temperature when exposed to certain anesthetics | malignant hyperthermia |
environmental temperatures are high, normal body temperature maintained, causes weakness | heat exhaustion |
sunstroke, the inability of the body to maintain a normal temperature | heatstroke |
extremely cold environment and body temperature is lower than 95 | hypothermia |
local damage to tissues caused by extremely low temperatures. Reduction of blood flow. Causes necrosis and gangrene | frostbite |
can get from eating carrots and is good for the eyes | Vitamin A |
can get from meats and grains and is good for cholesterol | B3 |
can get from vegetables, meat, grains, and dairy products and is good for energy | B6 and B12 |
can get from vegetables, meat, and eggs and is good for the hair, skin, and nails | biotin |
can get from vegetables and is good for blood cell formation and for pregnant women | folic acid |
citrus, and is good for the immune system and healing | Vitamin C |
from dairy products and fish liver oil, is good for the bones | Vitamin D |
from green vegetables and seeds, is good for the heart | Vitamin E |
from spinach and other vegetables, and meat/dairy products, is good for blood clotting | Vitamin K |
from dairy and vegetables and is good for the bones | Calcium |
from seafood and iodized salt, good for the thyroid | Iodine |
from meats, eggs, vegetables, good for the blood | Iron |
from vegetables and grains, good for regulation | Magnesium |
from seafood, milk, fruit, and meat, is good for muscles | Potassium |
from salty foods, good for nerves | Sodium |
from many foods and is good for the immune system | Zinc |