Question | Answer |
Thyroid glands | Produces calcitonin and thyroxine |
simple goiter | Enlargement of thyroid |
PTH | Increases blood calcium |
Mineralocorticoids | Increases blood sodium and decreases body potassium |
Luteinizing hormone | Ovulating hormone |
Testerone | Masculinizing hormone |
Thymosin (Thymus) | Development and function of immune system |
Melatonin (Pineal) | Regulates the body's internal clock |
Hyper-secretion | Oversecretion of hormones |
GH (Anterior Pituitary) | Growth hormone |
Hormones | chemical mechanism used in endocrine system |
Endocrinology | study of endocrine system |
Diabetes mellitus | insulin hypersecretion |
Prostaglandins | tissue hormone |
negative feedback | mechanism that reverses direction of change |
Nonsteroid hormones | hormone synthesized primarily from amino acids |
Tropic hormones | Tropic hormones: hormones that target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion. |
Sex hormones | hormones that target reproductive tissues. |
Anabolic hormones | hormones that stimulate anabolism in target cells. |
Nonsteroid hormones A | which must have cellular receptor proteins at the surface of the plasma membrane. |
Nonsteroid hormones B | The interaction between nonsteroid hormones and receptor proteins activates a cascade of chemical reactions resulting in the target cell's response to the hormone. |
Nonsteroid hormones C | Nonsteroid hormones have a quick response |
Steroid hormones | lipid soluble and can pass directly through the cell membrane of the target cell to react with the receptors inside the cell. |
Synergism: | this phenomenon occurs when combinations of hormones acting together have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone. |
Permissiveness: | this occurs when a small amount of one hormone allows a second one to have its full effects on a target cell. |
Antagonism: | occurs when a small amount of one hormone produces the opposite effects of another hormone; used to "fine tune" the activity of target cells with great accuracy. |
Steroid hormones B | are manufactured by endocrine cells from cholesterol. |
Anabolic steroid | hormones are synthetic substances that are related to the male sex hormones |
Anabolic steroid B | promote the release of the growth hormone, which stimulates growth, especially skeletal growth. |
Adrenal Medulla | inner portion of AG secretes epinephrine and noepinephrine |
Hypothalamus | secretes releasing hormones ADH and Oxytocin |
Pineal Gland | secretes Melatonin |
Tropic hormone | stimulates another endocrine gland to grow and secrete hormones |
Oxytocin | stimulates contraction of uterine muscle |
sella turcica | small depression of the sphenoid bone shaped like a saddle |
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): | prevents the formation of a large volume of urine, thereby helping the body to conserve water |
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | acts on bone and the kidneys |
Pancreatic Islets Alpha cells | secrete the hormone glucagon, which raises the blood glucose levels. |
Pancreatic Islets Beta cells | secrete the hormone insulin, which serves an antagonistic function to glucagon by lowering blood glucose levels. |
ovaries secrete | ovaries secrete estrogen, the "feminizing hormone," |
corpus luteum secretes | progesterone, which assists with the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. |
testes produce | the male sex hormone testosterone |
Thymosin | is a group of hormones produced by the thymus that play a significant role of the body's immune system |
Melatonin | hormones that the pineal gland, is thought to be related to the body's internal clock and sleep cycle. |
chorionic gonadotropins | are excreted in the urine. This tropic hormone is secreted by cells of the placenta, and its presence is detected by most pregnancy tests marketed today. |