Question | Answer |
absorption | passage of a substance into body fluids and tissues |
alimentary canal | the entire digestive tube from mouth to anus |
amylase | an enzyme that converts starch or glycogen to glucose |
anus | the outlet from rectum |
bile | substance produced by the liver,emulsifies fat, stored in gall bladder |
bolus | round mass of food prepared by mouth |
cardiac sphincter | circular muscle fibers around opening of esophogus into stomach |
cecum | pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine |
chyme | food which has undergone gastric digestion semi- liquid food |
colon | known as the large intestine. 5 ft in length. divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon. |
defecation | elimination of waste material from the rectum |
digestion | complex process of the breaking down of food to be utilized by the body |
duodenum | first part of the small intestine beginning at pylorus. |
emulsified | in digestion, when bile breaks up fat. |
Enzyme | Organic catalyst that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction |
Esophagus | A muscular tube; takes food from pharynx to the stomach |
Feces | Waste material from the digestive system |
Flatulence | The presence of excessive gas in the digestive tract |
Gallbladder | A small pear-shaped organ under the right lobe of the liver; it stores bile |
Gingiva | Gums |
Glycogen | Polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver |
Jejunum | Section of small intestine between duodenum and ileum |
Liver | large organ of the digestive system, located in upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity |
Mastication | Process of chewing |
Pancreas | Organ of digestion lies behind the stomach, produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon |
Parotid Salivary Gland | Largest of the salivary glands. Where you get mumps. |
Peristalsis | Progressive wave of contraction in tubular structures provided with longitudinal and transverse muscular fibers, as in esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines |
Ptyalin | Found in saliva; it converts starches into simple sugars |
Pyloric Sphincter | Valve that regulates entrance of food from the stomach to the duodenum |
Rectum | Portion of the colon that opens into the anus |
Rugae | Wrinkles or folds |
Stomach | A major organ of digestion; a pouch-like structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, between the esophagus and the duodenum |
Uvula | Projection hanging from soft palate, in back of throat |
Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix |
Caries | decay of tooth or bone |
Cholecystectomy | Removal of the gallbladder |
Cholecystitits | Inflammation of the gallbladder |
Cirrhosis | chronic, progressive inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue, usually involves alcohol usage |
Colostomy | Artificial opening from the colon onto the surface of the skin |
Constipation | Difficulty or lack of defecation |
Diarrhea | excessive elimination of watery feces |
Diverticulosis | numerous diverticula in the colon |
Diverticulitis | Inflammation of the wall of the colon |
Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach |
Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of stomach and small intestines |
Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums |
Heartburn | A burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach |
Hemoccult | Hidden blood |
Jaundice | Yellow Color |
Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
Peritonitis | Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity |
Pyloric Stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, affects infants |
Ulcer, gastric | open sore in stomoach lining, caused by H. pylori |