Question | Answer |
pH of blood | 7.35 - 7.45 |
temperature of blood | 100.4*F |
composition of blood plasma | Albumin, Globulins & Fibrinogen (proteins) & water |
liquid component of blood | plasma |
plasma protein involved in blood clotting | fibrinogen |
protein that converts fibrinogen into fibrin | thrombin |
plasma proteins involved with osmotic pressure | albumin |
plasma proteins involved with antibody and lipid transport | globulins |
which blood cells are oxygen transporting & carry hemoglobin? | RBCs (erythrocytes) |
the study of blood vessels | angiology |
give rise to lymphocytes | lymphoid stem cells |
give rise to blood cells other than lymphocytes | myeloid stem cells |
the formed elements of blood | leukocytes (WBCs), erythrocytes (RBCs) & platelets |
which cells transform into macrophages? | monocytes |
process by which blood cells are formed | hematopoiesis |
site of hematopoiesis | bone marrow |
Esophageal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | visceral |
Esophageal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic |
Esophageal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | unpaired |
Superior Phrenic Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal |
Superior Phrenic Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic |
Superior Phrenic Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired |
Inferior Phrenic Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal |
Inferior Phrenic Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal |
Inferior Phrenic Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired |
Posterior Intercostal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal |
Posterior Intercostal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic |
Posterior Intercostal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired |
Subcostal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal |
Subcostal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic |
Subcostal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired |
Superior Mesenteric Artery: parietal or visceral? | visceral |
Superior Mesenteric Artery: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal |
Superior Mesenteric Artery: paired or unpaired? | unpaired |
Inferior Mesenteric Artery: parietal or visceral? | visceral |
Inferior Mesenteric Artery: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal |
Inferior Mesenteric Artery: paired or unpaired? | unpaired |
Renal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | visceral |
Renal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal |
Renal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired |
3 branches of the celiac trunk | 1. left gastric artery
2. splenic artery
3. common hepatic artery |
Is the deep palmar arch a branch of the subclavian? | NO |
4 branches of the Left Subclavian Artery | 1. vertebral artery
2. internal thoracic artery
3. thyrocervical trunk
4. costocervical trunk |
2 branches of the Brachiocephalic Artery | 1. right subclavian
2. right common carotid |
what artery is formed by the convergence of the left & right vertebral arteries? | basilar artery |
Which blood vessel layer is made of endothelial tissue? | tunica intima |
Which blood vessel layer is made of connective tissue? | tunica externa |
Which blood vessel layer is made of smooth muscle tissue? | tunica media |
Which layer of the heart muscle is the thickest? | myocardium |
outer layer of the serous pericardium | parietal pericardium |
inner layer of the serous pericardium | visceral pericardium |
external layer of the heart wall | epicardium |
inner layer of the heart wall | endocardium |
middle layer of the heart wall | myocardium |
visceral layer of the serous pericardium | epicardium |
Scarpa's Triangle: lateral border | sartorius |
Scarpa's Triangle: medial border | adductor longus |
Scarpa's Triangle: superior border | inguinal ligament |
Are the vertebral arteries part of the Circle of Willis? | NO |
9 vessels of the Circle of Willis | - anterior communicating artery
- R&L internal carotid arteries
- R&L anterior cerebral arteries
- R&L posterior cerebral arteries
- R&L posterior communicating arteries |
4 branches of the internal carotid | 1. ophthalmic
2. anterior cerebral
3. middle cerebral
4. posterior communicating |
8 branches of the external carotid | 1. facial
2. posterior auricular
3. ascending pharyngeal
4. superficial temporal (terminal branch)
5. maxillary (terminal branch)
6. superior thyroid
7. lingual
8. occiptal |
upper extremity arteries (order) | 1. brachiocephalic
2. subclavian
3. axillary
4. brachial
5. radial |
lower extremity arteries (order) | 1. common iliac
2. external iliac
3. femoral
4. popliteal
5. anterior tibial
6. dorsalis pedis |
order of vessels off of the aorta | 1. brachiocephalic
2. left common carotid
3. left subclavian |
terminal branches of the aorta | 1. common iliac
2. median sacral |
order of blood vessels from & back to the heart | 1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venules
5. veins |
AG: femoral artery | center of Scarpa's triangle (lateral: sartorius, medial: adductor longus) |
AL: femoral artery | begins: inguinal ligament
ends: opening of adductor magnus |
LG: femoral artery | from center of inguinal ligament to medial condyle of femur |
AG: external iliac | inferior medial border of psoas major |
AL: external iliac | from bifurcation of common iliac to a point beneath inguinal ligament (oblique along psoas major) |
AG: axillary artery* | medial border of coracobrachialis |
AL: axillary artery* | begins: lateral border of 1st rib
ends: tendon of teres major |
LG: axillary artery | center of axillary space |
AG: ulnar artery* | lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris |
AL: ulnar artery* | begins: antecubital fossa
ends: palm of hand |
LG: ulnar artery* | center of antecubital fossa to 4th & 5th fingers |
AG: brachial artery | biceps brachii |
AL: brachial artery | begins: teres major
ends: antecubital fossa |
LG: brachial artery | axillary space to antecubital fossa |
AG: anterior tibial artery | inferior & lateral edge of tibia |
AL: anterior tibial artery | begins: inferior border of patella
ends: anterior surface of ankle |
LG: anterior tibial artery* | lateral border of patella to anterior surface of ankle |
AG: common iliac artery* | superior medial border of psoas major |
AG: common carotid artery | medial border of SCM; between trachea & SCM |
AL: right common carotid | begins: sternoclavicular articulation
ends: superior border of thyroid cartilage |
esophageal arteries supply... | esophagus |
inferior phrenic arteries supply... | diaphragm |
superior phrenic arteris supply... | posterior part of upper surface of diaphragm |
posterior intercostal arteries supply... | intercostal spaces |
subcostal arteries supply... | area below 12th rib |
superior mesenteric artery supplies... | small intestine & proximal portion of large intestine |
inferior mesenteric artery supplies... | distal portion of large intestine |
renal arteries supply... | kidneys |
vessels that provide blood to the outer layers of the large blood vessels | vasa vasorum |
"vessels of the vessels" | vasa vasorum |
intercostal veins drain into... | azygos sytem |
location of great & small saphenous veins | thigh & leg/lower extremity |
blood from most of the tissues of the brain drains into... | dural sinuses |
blood from most of the abdominal organs drains into... | hepatic portal system |
right & left brachiocephalics drain into... | superior vena cava |
returns systemic blood superior to the diaphragm to the right atrium | superior vena cava |
suprarenal vein drains into... | inferior vena cava |
inferior phrenic vein drains into... | inferior vena cava |
hepatic vein drains into... | inferior vena cava |
a hole in the interatrial septum | foramen ovale |
becomes the fossa ovalis | foramen ovale |
a shunt from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch | ductus arteriosus |
becomes the ligamentum arteriosum | ductus arteriosus |
branch from the internal iliac arteries & carry blood to the placenta to pick up oxygen & nutrients | paired umbilical arteries |
become the medial umbilical ligaments | paired umbilical arteries |
returns blood from the placenta to the fetus | unpaired umbilical vein |
becomes the ligamentum teres (round ligament) | unpaired umbilical vein |
shunts some blood away from the fetal liver | ductus venosus |
becomes the ligamentum venosum | ductus venosus |
located at the union of lumbar & intestinal trunks | cisterna chyli |
largest organ of lymphatic system | spleen |
site of T lymphocyte maturation | thymus |
lymphocytes that attach primarily eukaryotic cells and viruses | T cells |
lymphocytes that multiply to become plasma cells & secrete antibodies | B cells |
the lymphatic structure that filters & cleans the lymph of pathogens | cervical & axillary lymph nodes |
largest tonsils | palatine |
tonsils that are most infected during childhood | palatine |
where is MALT especially abundant? | aggregated lymph nodules & Peyer's Patches |
MALT is also especially concentrated in the... | appendix |
lymphatic duct present in all individuals | thoracic duct |
lymphatic duct that drains the right upper quarter | right lymphatic duct |
when 2 distal ends of arteries or veins join together | anastomoses |
the vein that does not have a companion vein and descends vertically through the neck on the SCM | azygos vein |
vertebral veins descend through... | the transverse foramina of C1-C6 |
dural sinuses drain into... | the internal jugular |