Question | Answer |
Coracobrachialis Origin | Coracoid process of scapula |
Coracobrachialis Insertion | Medial surface of mid-humerus |
Coracobrachialis Action | Flex humerus
Adduct humerus |
Coracobrachialis Nervation | Musculocutaneous |
Pronator Teres Origin | Common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus |
Pronator Teres Insertion | Middle of the lateral surface of radius |
Pronator Teres Action | Pronate forearm
(*assist to flex elbow) |
Pronator Teres Nervation | Median |
Brachialis Origin | Distal half of anterior humerus |
Brachialis Insertion | Tuberosity and coranoid process of ulna |
Brachialis Action | Flex elbow |
Brachialis Nervation | Musculocutaneous-small branch from radius |
Brachioradialis Origin | Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
Brachioradialis Insertion | Radial styloid |
Brachioradialis Action | Flex elbow
(Assist with pro/sup) |
Brachioradialis Nervation | Radial |
Anconeus Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus |
Anconeus Insertion | Olecranon process and posterior proximal surface of ulna |
Anconeus Action | Extend elbow |
Anconeus Nervation | Radial |
Teres Major Origin | Inferior angle,
Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula |
Teres Major Insertion | Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus |
Teres Major Action | Adduct shoulder
Internally rotate shoulder
Extend shoulder |
Teres Major Nervation | Lower subscapular |
Subscapularis Origin | Subscapular fossa of scapula |
Subscapularis Insertion | Lesser tubercle of humerus |
Subscapularis Action | Internally rotate shoulder
Stabilize shoulder |
Subscapularis Nervation | Upper & lower subscapular |
Infraspinatus Origin | Infraspinatus fossa of scapula |
Infraspinatus Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus |
Infraspinatus Action | External rotation of shoulder
Adduction of shoulder |
Infraspinatus Nervation | Suprascapular |
Supraspinatus Origin | Supraspinatus fossa of scapula |
Supraspinatus Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus |
Supraspinatus Action | Abduct shoulder
Stabilize shoulder |
Supraspinatus Nervation | Suprascapular |
Deltoid Origin | Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula |
Deltoid Insertion | Deltoid tuberosity |
Deltoid Action | Anterior fibers: ABD, FLEX, IR, Horz. ADD shoulder
Middle fibers: ABD shoulder
Post fibers: ABD, EXT, ER, Horz. ABD shoulder |
Deltoid Nervation | Axillary |
Teres Minor Origin | Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula |
Teres Minor Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus |
Teres Minor Action | Externally rotate shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Stabilize head of humerous in glenoid cavity |
Teres Minor Nervation | Axillary |
Latissimus Dorsi Origin | Inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of T7-T12, ribs 9-12, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior illac crest |
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion | Intertubicular groove of humerus (bicipital groove) |
Latissimus Dorsi Action | Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Internally Rotate shoulder |
Latissimus Dorsi Nervation | Thoracodorsal |
Pectoralis Major Origin | Medial half of clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6 |
Pectoralis Major Insertion | Crest of greater tubercle of humerus |
Pectoralis Major Action | All fibers: ADD, IR shldr, assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation with fixed arm
Upper fibers: FLEX, Horz. ADD shldr
Lower fibers: EXT shldr |
Pectoralis Major Nervation | Upper fibers: Lateral pectoral
Lower fibers: Lateral & medial pectoral |
Pronator Quadratus Origin | Medial/anterior surface of distal ulna |
Pronator Quadratus Insertion | Lateral/anterior surface of distal radius |
Pronator Quadratus Action | Pronate the forearm |
Pronator Quadratus Nervation | Median |
Supinator Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament |
Supinator Insertion | Anterior/lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft |
Supinator Action | Supinate forearm |
Supinator Nervation | Radial |
Triceps Brachii Origin | Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of proximal half of humerus
Medial head: posterior surface of distal 1/2 of humerus |
Triceps Brachii Insertion | Olecranon process |
Triceps Brachii Action | All heads: extend elbow
Long head: Extend elbow, extend shoulder, adduct shoulder |
Triceps Brachii Nervation | Radial |
Biceps Brachii Origin | Long head: Superaglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: Coracoid process of scapula |
Biceps Brachii Insertion | Radial tuberosity, aponeurosis of biceps brachii |
Bicep Brachii Action | Flex elbow
Flex shoulder
Supinate forarm |
Bicep Brachii Nervation | Musculocutaneous |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin | Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Insertion | Base of second metacarpal |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Action | Extend wrist
radial deviate
(assist to flex elbow) |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Nervation | Radial |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin | Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Insertion | Base of third metacarpal |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Action | Extend wrist
radial deviate
(assist to flex elbow) |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Nervation | Radial |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin | Humeral head: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle
Ulnar head: posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion | Pisiform hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action | Flex wrist
ulnar deviate
(assist to flex elbow) |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Nervation | Ulnar |
Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin | Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus |
Flexor Carpi Radialis Insertion | Bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals |
Flexor Carpi Radialis Action | Flex, radial deviate wrist (assist to flex elbow) |
Flexor Carpi Radialis Nervation | Median |
Palmaris Longus Origin | Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle |
Palmaris Longus Insertion | Flexor retinaculum & palmer aponeurosis |
Palmaris Longus Action | Tense palmar fascia
Flex wrist
(assist to flex elbow) |
Palmaris Longus Nervation | Median |
Pectoralis Minor Origin | Ribs 3-5 |
Pectoralis Minor Insertion | Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula |
Pectoralis Minor Action | Depress scapula
Abduct (protract) scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula
Assist in forced inhalation with fixed scapula |
Pectoralis Minor Nervation | Medial Pectoral |
Serratus Anterior Origin | External surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs |
Serratus Anterior Insertion | Anterior surfaces of medial border of scapula |
Serratus Anterior Action | Abduct (protract) scapula
Depress scapula
Upwardly rotate scapula
prevent winging of scapula
(may assist to elevate rib cage with forced inhalation with fixed scapula) |
Serratus Anterior Nervation | Long Thoracic |
Trapezius Origin | External occipital protuberance,
Superior nuchal line of occiput,
Ligamentum nuchae,
Spinous processes of C7-T12 |
Trapezius Insertion | Lateral 1/3 of clavicle,
Acromion,
Spine of scapula |
Trapezius Action | Upper fibers(unilat):
Cerv lateral FLEX to same side
Cerv rotate to opposite side
Elevate/upwardly rotate scapula
Upper fibers(bilat):
Cerv EXT
Middle Fibers:
ADD (retract) scapula
Stabilize scapula
Lower Fibers:
Depress/upwardly rotate scapula |
Trapezius Nervation | Accessory (cranial nerve XI),
Ventral Ramus |
Rhomboid Minor Origin | Spinous processes C7-T1 |
Rhomboid Minor Insertion | Upper portion of medial border of scapula-across from spine of scapula |
Rhomboid Minor Action | Adduct (retract) scapula
Elevate scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula |
Rhomboid Minor Nervation | Dorsal Scapular |
Rhomboid Major Origin | Spinous processes of T2-T5 |
Rhomboid Major Insertion | Medial boarder of scapula between spine of scapula and inferior angle |
Rhomboid Major Action | Adduct (retract) scapula
Elevate scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula |
Rhomboid Major Nervation | Dorsal scapular |
Levator Scapula Origin | Transverse processes of C1-C4 |
Levator Scapula Insertion | Medial border of scapula between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula |
Levator Scapula Action | Unilateral:
Elevate scapula
Downward rotate scapula
Cervical lateral flexion
Cervical rotation to same side
Bilateral:
Cervical extension |
Levator Scapula Nervation | Dorsal scapular
Cranial nerves |
Opponens Pollicis Action | Opposition of thumb |
Opponens Pollicis Nervation | Median |
Adductor Pollicis Action | Adduct thumb (CMC and MCP joints; assist in thumb flexion (MCP joint) |
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Action | Abduct thumb (CMC and MCP joints); assist in thumb opposition |
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Nervation | Median |
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Action | Flex thumb (CMC and MCP joints); assist in thumb opposition |
Abductor Pollicis Longus Action | Abduct & extend thumb (CMC joint); radial deviate wrist |
Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin | Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane |
Abductor Pollicis Longus Insertion | Base of first metacarpal |
Abductor Pollicis Longus Nervation | Radial |
Extensor Pollicis Longus Action | Extend thumb & radial deviate wrist |
Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin | Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane |
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Action | Extend thumb & radial deviate wrist |
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin | Posterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane |
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Insertion | Proximal phalange of thumb |
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Nervation | Radial |
Flexor Pollicis Longus Action | Flex thumb & assist to flex wrist |
Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin | Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane |
Flexor Pollicis Longus Insertion | Distal phalange of thumb |
Flexor Pollicis Longus Nerviation | Median |
Abductor Digiti Minimi Action | Abduct fifth finger (MCP joint); assist in fifth finger opposition |
Abductor Digiti Minimi Nervation | Ulnar |
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action | Flex the fifth finger (MCP joint); assist in fifth finger oppositoin |
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Nervation | Ulnar |
Opponens Digiti Minimi Action | Opposition of fifth finger |
Opponens Digiti Minimi Nervation | Ulnar |
Extensor Digiti Minimi Action | Extends fifth finger |
Extensor Digiti Minimi Nervation | Radial |
Lumbricals Action | Extend PIP & DIP of fingers 2-5; Flex MCP of fingers 2-5 |
Lumbricals Nervation | Median (fingers 2-3), Ulnar (fingers 4-5) |
Palmar Interossei Action | Adduct fingers towards 3rd finger; Assist in finger flexion (MCP joint); assist in finger extension (PIP & DIP joints via extensor aponeurosis) |
Palmar Interossei Nervation | Ulnar |
Dorsal Interossei Action | Abduct fingers (MCP joint); Assist in finger flexion (MCP joint); assist in finger extension (PIP & DIP joints via extensor aponeurosis) |
Dorsal Interossei Nervation | Ulnar |
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Action | Unilateral: rotate head & neck to same side; laterally flex head & neck to same side. Bilateral: Extend head & neck |
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Origin | Capitus: Inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae/ spinus processes of C7-T4
Cervicis: Spinous process T3-T6 |
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Insertion | Capitus: Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Cervicis: Spinous processes C1-C3 |
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Nervation | Cervical nerves |
Longus Capitis Action | Unilateral: Rotate head & neck to same side; laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: Flex head & neck |
Longus Capitis Nervation | C1,2,3,(4) |
Longus Colli Action | Unilateral: rotate head & neck to same side; laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: flex head & neck |
Longus Colli Nervation | C2-6, (7) |
Sternocleidomastoid Action | Unilateral rotate head & neck to opposite side, laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: flex neck, assist in inhalation |
Sternocleidomastoid Origin | Sternal head: Top of manubrium
Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle |
Sternocleidomastoid Insertion | Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput |
Sternocleidomastoid Nervation | C(1), 2, 3 |
Scalenes Action | Unilateral: rotate head & neck to the opposite side, laterally flex head and neck to the same side
Bilateral: elevate ribs during inhalation
Bilateral anterior scalenes: flex head & neck |
Scalenes Origin | Anterior transverse processes of C3-C6
Middle transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior transverse processes of C6-C7 |
Scalenes Insertion | Anterior: rib 1
Middle: rib 1
Posterior: rib 1 |
Scalenes Nervation | C(3), 4-8 |
Platysma Action | Assist in mandible depression, tighten fascia of neck, draw down corners of mouth |
Platysma Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII) |
Occipitofrontalis Action | Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead |
Occipitofrontalis Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII) |
Orbicularis Oculi Action | Close eyes tightly |
Orbicularis Oculi Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII) |
Orbicularis Oris Action | Approximates and protrudes lips as in whistling |
Obicularis Oris Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII) |
Zygomaticus Major Action | Smile |
Zygomaticus Major Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII) |
Masseter Action | Elevate mandible (TMJ), may assist protract the mandible |
Masseter Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial nerve V) mandibular division |
Temporalis Action | Elevate & retract mandible (TMJ) |
Temporalis Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V) mandibular divistion |
Medial Pterygoid Action | Unilateral: Laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
Bilateral: elevate & protract mandible |
Medial Pterygoid Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V) |
Lateral Pterygoid Action | Unilateral: Laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
Bilateral: protract mandible |
Lateral Pterygoid Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V) |
Digastric Action | If hyoid bone is fixed, depresses the mandible.
If mandible is fixed, elevates the hyoid
retracts the mandible (TMJ) |
Digastric Nervation | Anterior belly: Trigeminal (Cranial V) mandibular division
Posterior belly: Facial Cranial Nerve VII) |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action | Extend upper cervical, rotate head to same side |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Nervation | Suboccipital |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action | Extend upper cervical |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Nervation | Suboccipial |
Oblique Capitis Superior Action | Extend upper cervical, laterally flex head to same side |
Oblique Capitis Superior Nervation | Suboccipial |
Oblique Capitis Inferior Action | Rotate head to same side |
Oblique Capitis Inferior Nervation | Suboccipital |
Quadratus Lumborum Action | Unilateral: lateral pelvic tilt, trunk lateral flexion, assist to extend trunk
Bilateral: fix rib 12 during forced inhalation and exhalation |
Quadratus Lumborum Origin | Posterior iliac crest |
Quadratus Lumborum Insertion | Rib 12, transverse process of 1-4 lumbar vertebraw |
Quadratus Lumborum Nervation | Lumbar Plexus, T12, L1, 2, 3 |
Rectus Abdominis Action | Flex trunk, posterior pelvic tilt |
Rectus Abdominis Nervation | T5-T12, Ventral Rami |
Rectus Abdominis Origin | Pubic crest, pubic symphysis |
Rectus Abdominis Insertion | Cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process |
External Oblique Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to the same side, trunk rotation to the opposite side
Bilateral: flex trunk, compress abdominal contents |
External Oblique Origin | External surface of ribs 5-12 |
External Oblique Insertion | Anterior iliac crest; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
External Oblique Nervation | T5-T12 |
Internal Oblique Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to the same side, trunk rotation to the same side
Bilateral: flex trunk, compress abdominal contents |
Internal Oblique Origin | Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia |
Internal Oblique Insertion | Internal surface of lower 3 ribs; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
Internal Oblique Nervation | T7-T12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral rami |
Transverse Abdominis Action | Compress abdominal |
Transverse Abdominis Origin | Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower ribs |
Transverse Abdominis Insertion | Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
Transverse Abdominis Nervation | T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioguinal, ventral divisions |
Diaphragm Action | Draw down central tendon of diaphragm; increase volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation |
Diaphragm Origin | Costal: inner surface of lower 6 ribs
Lumbar: upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae
Sternal: inner part of xiphoid process |
Diaphragm Insertion | Central tendon |
Diaphragm Nervation | Phrenic |
Intercostals Action | External intercostals: assist with inhalation by drawing ribs superiorly, increasing the space of the thoracic cavity
Internal intercostals: assist with exhalation by drawing the ribs inferiorly, decreasing the space in the thoracic cavity |
Intercostals Origin | Inferior border of the rib above |
Intercostals Insertion | Superior border of the rib below |
Intercostals Nervation | Thoracic |
Serratus Posterior Superior Action | Elevate ribs during inhalation |
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin | Spinous processes of C7-T3 |
Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion | Posterior surface of ribs 2-5 |
Serratus Posterior Superior Nervation | T1-T4 |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Action | Depress ribs during exhalation |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin | Spinous processes of T12-L3 |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion | Posterior surface of ribs 9-12 |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Nervation | T9-T12 |
Intertransversarii Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to the same side
Bilateral: extend trunk |
Intertransversarii Origin | Span: Transverse processes C2-C7
transverse processes L1-5 |
Intertransversarii Insertion | Span: transverse processes of C2-C7
transverse processes of L1-5 |
Intertransversarii Nervation | Spinal Nerves |
Interspinalis Action | Extend trunk |
Interspinalis Origin | Span: spinous process C2-T3
Spinous process T12-L5 |
Interspinalis Insertion | Span: spinous process C2-T3
Spinous process T12-L5 |
Interspinalis Nervation | Spinal nerves |
Spinalis Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to same side
Bilateral: extend trunk |
Spinalis Origin | Spinous process of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 |
Spinalis Insertion | Spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervicals EXCEPT C1 |
Spinalis Nervation | Spinal nerves |
Longissimus Action | A: Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to same side
Bilateral: extend trunk |
Longissimus Origins | Common tendon; transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae |
Longissimus Insertion | Lower 9 ribs and transverse processes of thoracic verabrae; transverse processes of cervical vertebrae; mastoid process of temporal bone |
Longissimus Nervation | Spinal nerves |
Iliocostalis Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to same side
Bilateral: extend trunk |
Iliocostalis Origin | Common tendon; posterior surface of ribs 1-12 |
Iliocostalis Insertion | Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 1-12; transverse processes of lower cervicals |
Iliocostalis Nervation | Spinal Nerves |
Multifidi Action | Unilateral: rotate trunk to opposite side
Bilateral: extend trunk |
Multifidi Origin | Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae |
Multifidi Insertion | Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through C2; span 2-4 vertebrae |
Multifidi Nervation | Spinal Nerves |
Rotatores Action | Unilateral: rotate trunk to opposite side
Bilateral: extend trunk |
Rotatores Origin | Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae |
Rotatores Insertion | Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through C2; span 1-2 vertebrae |
Rotatores Nervation | Spinal nerves |
Semispinalis Capitis Action | Extend head & trunk |
Semispinalis Capitis Origin | Transverse processes of C4-T5 |
Semispinalis Capitis Nervation | Cervical Nerves |
Semispinalis Capitis Insertion | Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput |