Question | Answer |
Adverse reactions | A list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than the
desired effect |
Aminoglycosides | Drugs used in combination with other antibiotics that treat many infections
caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria |
Anaphylaxis | Allergic hypersensitivity reaction of the body to a foreign substance or drug- Mild
symptoms include rash, itching, and hives- Severe symptoms include dyspnea, chest constriction, cardiopulmonary collapse, and death |
Antifungals | Medications used in the treatment of candidal and other specific susceptible fungi |
Antiretroviral (ARV) agents | Agents that act against retroviruses such as HIV |
Antituberculosis agents | Medications used to treat asymptomatic infection, and to treat active clinical tuberculosis and prevent relapse |
Antiviral | Medications used to treat viruses, for example, HIV and herpes |
Broad-spectrum | Antibiotic effective against a large variety of organisms |
Carbapenems | A class of broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs derived from cephalosporins that resist degradation by bacterial beta-lactamases |
Cephalosporins | Semisynthetic antibiotic derivatives produced by a fungus |
Culture and sensitivity (C & S) | Culture and sensitivity test to identify a causative infectious organism and the specific medicine to which it is sensitive |
Direct toxicity | Drug that results in tissue damage; may or may not be permanent |
Empiric | Best guess therapy based on history and available clinical information |
Hypersensitivity | Allergic or excessive response of the immune system to a drug or chemical |
Macrolides | Drugs used in many infections of the respiratory tract, for skin conditions such as acne, or for some sexually transmitted infections when the patient is allergic to penicillin |
Opportunistic infections | Infections that occur because the immune system is compromised |
Penicillins | Antibiotics produced from certain species of a fungus |
Quinolones | Drugs used in adults for the treatment of some infections of the urinary tract, lower
respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin, bones, and joints |
Resistance | An organism’s lack of response to antibiotics when they are used too often or
treatment is incomplete |
Sulfonamides | Anti-infectives used in combinations with other drugs to slow the development of resistance; used in treatment of urinary tract infections, enteritis, and opportunistic infections of AIDS |
Superinfection | A new infection with different resistant bacteria or fungi-Usually associated with certain types of antibiotic therapy |
Tetracyclines | Broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by rickettsia,
chlamydia, or some uncommon bacteria |
Urinary anti-infectives | Drugs used for initial or recurrent urinary tract infections caused by
susceptible organisms, usually bacteriostatic instead of bactericidal |
Vaccines | Suspensions containing antigenic molecules derived from a microorganism, given to stimulate an immune response to an infectious disease |