| Question | Answer |
| Describe hypothalmus | -influences thyroid gland along with the pituitary
-serves as link between endocrine and nervous systems |
| Describe pineal gland | -shaped like pine-cone
-attached to posterior part of third ventricle of brain
-secretes hormone melatonin |
| Describe pituitary | -aka hypophysis
-pea-sized organ located at base of brain
-master gland
-regulates many body activities
-stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones |
| 2 hormones by posterior pituitary and their target | ADH-vassopressin,targets kidneys
Oxytocin, targets uterus and breasts |
| Describe thyroid gland | -largest gland
-H shaped organ
-composed of 2 large lobes separated by isthmus |
| 6 hormones by anterior and their target | -ACTH, targets adrenal cortex
-FSH, targets ovaries, testes
-GH, targets bones, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissues
-LH, ovaries, testes
-PRL, breasts
-TSH, thyroid gland |
| function of endocrine glands | secrete hormones directly into the blood stream |
| three types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex | -mineralocorticoids (kidneys)
-glucocorticoids (body cells)
-sex hormones (female libido) |
| two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and their function | -epinephrine and norepinephrine
function- sympathetic nervous system (SNS) |
| function of the parathyroid glands | increase blood calcium levels |
| where are the adrenal glands located | superior surface of the kidneys |
| three disorders associated with the thyroid gland | -cretinism
-myxedema
-Graves disease |
| signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome | -moon-shaped face
-fatigue
-high blood pressure
-hirsutism
-purple striae |
| what causes acromegaly | hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) |
| signs and symptoms of type I (IDDM) diabetes | Constant urination
Abnormal thirst
Unusual hunger
The rapid loss of weight
Irritability
Obvious weakness/fatigue
Nausea/vomiting |
| signs and symptoms of type II (NIDDM) diabetes | Drowsiness
Itching
A family history of diabetes (FHx)
Blurred vision
Excessive weight
Tingling, numbing and pain in extremities
Easily fatigues
Skin infections |
| what is the treatment for type I diabetes | insulin |
| abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body | gigantism |
| abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia |
| an organ that contains the islets of Langerhans | pancreas |
| balance of the internal environment | homeostasis |
| condition of being abnormally small | dwarfism |
| condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food | polyphagia |
| excessive accumulation of fat in the body | obesity |
| excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hypercalcemia |
| excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia |
| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia |
| excessive distribution of body hair | hirsutism |
| excessive secretion | hypersecretion |
| extreme depletion of potassium in the blood | hypokalemia |
| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogenesis |
| human growth hormone | somatotropin |
| inadequate secretion | hyposecretion |
| inner section of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla |
| lack of development | atrophy |
| marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly |
| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge | electrolytes |
| outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids | adrenal cortex |
| presence of glucose in the urine | glucosuria |
| produced in the adrenal medulla, raises blood pressure | norepinephrine |
| protrusion of the eyes | exophthalmos |
| surgical excision of the adrenal gland | adrenalectomy |
| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12hr fast | fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
| test that measures thyroid function | Thyroid Function Test (TFT) and Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU) tracer |
| the study of ductless glands and their secretions | endocrinology |
| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic |
| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia |
| tumor of a gland | adenoma |
| underdevelopment of the internal secretions of male sex hormones | hypogonadism |
| ACTH | adrenalcorticotropic hormone |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| BMI | body mass index |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| K | potassium |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| PRL | prolactin |
| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | thyroxine |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone |
