Term | Definition |
Yalta Conference | USA, GB, USSR agree eastern Europe will have free elections and Poland is shifted westward |
Potsdam Conference | President Truman demands immediate, free elections in eastern Europe |
containment | postwar US foreign policy that sought to limit the spread of communism |
Marshall Plan | program for Europe that included $13 billion in direct monetary aid |
Berlin | city that was blockaded by the Soviets in 1948; Truman responded with an airlift |
NATO | western military alliance in Cold War |
Warsaw Pact | eastern (communist) military alliance in Cold War |
European Coal and Steel Community (1952) | first example of economic union in Europe |
European Economic Community (Common Market/1957) | reduced European tariffs on all goods in member states and allowed for freer movement of labor |
Josip Broz (Tito) | communist leader of Yugoslavia who maintained independence from the Soviet Union |
Hungary | rebelled against Soviet rule in 1956 |
Prague Spring | rebellion against Soviet rule in Czechoslovakia in 1968 |
Alexander Dubcek | Czech leader of Prague Spring |
Brezhnev Doctrine | Soviet policy during re-Stalinization (after 1968) that vowed to crush any rebellions against communist rule in eastern Europe |
International Monetary Fund | countries contribute; other countries can borrow from it in emergencies |
economic miracle | term for western Europe's recovery after World War II |
de-Stalinization | period of liberal reforms in the Soviet Union from 1956-1963 under Khrushchev |
perestroika | re-structuring of the Soviet economy under Gorbachev |
glasnost | openess, or freedom of speech, under Gorbachev |
John Paul II | Polish pope who supported Solidarity and opposed communism |
Solidarity | Polish labor union of dock workers; provided leadership to post-communism Poland |
Treaty of Maastricht | created European citizenship and started process of European monetary union |
Brexit | nationalist reaction to European Union in Great Britain; resulted in Great Britain leaving the EU |