Question | Answer |
epimysium | surrounds entire muscle |
perimysium | surrounds fascicles d(groups of muscle fibers) |
endomysium | surround each individual muscle fiber |
myofibrils | 80% cell volume. striations of dark A bands and light I bands |
M line | holds thick filaments together |
Thick filaments | A band |
Thin Filament G Actin | has active sites for myosin head |
regulatory proteins bound to actin | tropomyosin, troponin |
terminal cisternae form | perpendicular cross channels |
sarcoplasmic reticulum functions in | regulating intracellular CA+ levels |
Triads | T tubule and terminal cisternae |
Available sources of ATP are depleted in | 4-6 seconds |
anaerobic pathway (gylcolysis) | glucose---pyruvic acid+ atp |
aerobic pathway (cellular respiration) | pyruvic acid---CO2+H20 +ATP + Heat.
produces 95% of atp during rest |
slow oxidative | dark red. fatigue resistant. postural muscles |
fast oxidative | red-pink. moderate fatigue resistance. leg muscles |
fast glycolitic | white, explosive. shoulder muscles |
facial nerve | VII |
orbicularis oris | purses lips |
muscles of anterior neck and throat | suprahyoid
infrahyoid
*synergists to head flexion |
suprahyoid | digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid |
infrahyoid | sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid |
scalene muscles | lateral head movements. elevate ribs 1 and 2 during inspiration |
semispinalis capitis | synergist with sternocleidomastoid |
splenius capitis | look up to same side |
prime movers of back extension and lateral bending | erector spinae |
external intercostals | inspiration |
internal intercostals | expiration |
diaphragm | prime mover in respiration |
transversus abdominis | compresses abdomen |
rectus abdominis | 6 pack. Flexes vertebral column |
pelvic diaphragm | levator ani
coccygeus |
pectoralis minor | pulls scapula forward and downward |
serratus anterior | boxer muscle. Pulls scapula forward and downward |
prime mover of shoulder flexion | pectoralis major |
trapezius | shrugs , elevates, depresses scapula |
antagonist of rectus abdominis | erector spinae |
prime mover of shoulder abduction | deltoids |
prime mover of shoulder adduction | latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major |
which muscle crosses your leg | sartorius |
supinates forearm and hand | supinator |
pronator teres
pronator quadratus | pronates forearm and hand |
brachialis connects | ulna to humerus |
tricep surae | plantar flexion (gastrocnemius,soleus) |
retracts the shoulder blades | trapezius, rhomboid major and minor |
rotator cuff | supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis |
internal rotator of shoulder | subscapularis |
externally rotates shoulder | infraspinatus, teres minor |
two muscles that insert on the calcaneus through the achilles tendon | gastrocnemius, soleus |