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Muscle and Tissue
review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epimysium | surrounds entire muscle |
| perimysium | surrounds fascicles d(groups of muscle fibers) |
| endomysium | surround each individual muscle fiber |
| myofibrils | 80% cell volume. striations of dark A bands and light I bands |
| M line | holds thick filaments together |
| Thick filaments | A band |
| Thin Filament G Actin | has active sites for myosin head |
| regulatory proteins bound to actin | tropomyosin, troponin |
| terminal cisternae form | perpendicular cross channels |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum functions in | regulating intracellular CA+ levels |
| Triads | T tubule and terminal cisternae |
| Available sources of ATP are depleted in | 4-6 seconds |
| anaerobic pathway (gylcolysis) | glucose---pyruvic acid+ atp |
| aerobic pathway (cellular respiration) | pyruvic acid---CO2+H20 +ATP + Heat. produces 95% of atp during rest |
| slow oxidative | dark red. fatigue resistant. postural muscles |
| fast oxidative | red-pink. moderate fatigue resistance. leg muscles |
| fast glycolitic | white, explosive. shoulder muscles |
| facial nerve | VII |
| orbicularis oris | purses lips |
| muscles of anterior neck and throat | suprahyoid infrahyoid *synergists to head flexion |
| suprahyoid | digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid |
| infrahyoid | sternohyoid sternothyroid omohyoid thyrohyoid |
| scalene muscles | lateral head movements. elevate ribs 1 and 2 during inspiration |
| semispinalis capitis | synergist with sternocleidomastoid |
| splenius capitis | look up to same side |
| prime movers of back extension and lateral bending | erector spinae |
| external intercostals | inspiration |
| internal intercostals | expiration |
| diaphragm | prime mover in respiration |
| transversus abdominis | compresses abdomen |
| rectus abdominis | 6 pack. Flexes vertebral column |
| pelvic diaphragm | levator ani coccygeus |
| pectoralis minor | pulls scapula forward and downward |
| serratus anterior | boxer muscle. Pulls scapula forward and downward |
| prime mover of shoulder flexion | pectoralis major |
| trapezius | shrugs , elevates, depresses scapula |
| antagonist of rectus abdominis | erector spinae |
| prime mover of shoulder abduction | deltoids |
| prime mover of shoulder adduction | latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major |
| which muscle crosses your leg | sartorius |
| supinates forearm and hand | supinator |
| pronator teres pronator quadratus | pronates forearm and hand |
| brachialis connects | ulna to humerus |
| tricep surae | plantar flexion (gastrocnemius,soleus) |
| retracts the shoulder blades | trapezius, rhomboid major and minor |
| rotator cuff | supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis |
| internal rotator of shoulder | subscapularis |
| externally rotates shoulder | infraspinatus, teres minor |
| two muscles that insert on the calcaneus through the achilles tendon | gastrocnemius, soleus |
Created by:
dacosta6
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