| Term | Definition |
| radical totalitarian dictatorship | regime whose purpose is to gain TOTAL control over the masses of people and mobilize them to CHANGE society |
| New Economic Policy | Lenin's program of limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry |
| nationalization | when the government takes over all industrial production |
| collectivization | when the government takes over all agricultural production |
| Five Year Plans | Stalin's plans of forced nationalization and collectivization whose purpose it was to stimulate the Soviet economy |
| Lebensraum | literally means "living space"; idea that Germany needed to expand its territory |
| Weimar Republic | government of Germany from 1919 to 1933 |
| Dachau | 1st Nazi concentration camp; created to imprison political opponents of Nazis |
| SS | originally Hitler's "protection squads"; later ran concentration and death camps |
| Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact | agreement that allowed Hitler to avoid a two front war and gave Germany and the USSR pieces of Poland |
| appeasement | British policy of granting Hitler most things he wanted in order to avoid war |
| Francisco Franco | dictator of Spain |
| Munich Conference | meeting in which the Sudetenland was given to Hitler and Nazi Germany |
| Vichy France | French government that was friendly to the Nazis after the German defeat of France |
| Operation Barbarossa | German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 |
| Battle of Stalingrad | turning point of the war on the eastern front; Soviet victory |
| Nuremberg Laws | laws that defined who a Jew was and that denied German Jews of their citizenship |
| Kristallnacht | 1938; first organized attack on German Jews; resulted in Jewish emigration |
| Auschwitz | largest of 6 Nazi death camps in Poland |
| John Maynard Keynes | British economist who argued for more government intervention during economic downturns |
| Popular Front | partnership of socialists, communists, and moderates to fight off fascists in France |
| Roma | nomadic group; known as Gypsies; subject to Nazi racial persecution |
| Wannsee Conference | meeting at which the mass murder of European Jews was organized |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister during World War II |
| Blitzkrieg | "lightning war"; new method of warfare meant to avoid static war of World War I |
| kulaks | capitalist peasants in Ukraine; killed off by Stalin |
| gulag | Soviet work camp |
| Guernica | Picasso's famous painting depicting bombing of Basque town in Spain during Spanish Civil War |
| Joseph Goebbels | Nazi Minister of Propaganda |
| Leni Riefenstahl | German filmmaker and propagandist for the Nazis |
