Question | Answer |
Ascending Pain Pathways and what they do = ? | * All are parts to the Anterolateral System .... * Lateral Spinothalamic tract- Pain, temperature..... * Spinothalamic Tract Proper- (Neospinothalamic,lateral)-fast pain (hit hand with a hammer)
...... * Paleospinothalamic Tracts (medial)- slow pain |
Spinothalamic Tract - Fast Pain basics = ? | * Usu A-Deltas (fast pain fiber are primary afferents) |
Spinobulbar Tracts - Slow pain basics = ? | * secondary hyperalgesia... * Mostly by C-Fibers.... * Is a bilateral system |
Responsible for Pain Discrimination = ? | * Spinothalamic (made up of the somatosensory cortex) |
Responsible for emotional and affective components and memory inherent to the painful experience = ? | * Paleospinothalamic (limbic system) |
Descending Pain Modulating Pathway = ? | * role of a biological gate or filter reducing the transmission of pain impulses |
Descending Central Inhibitory Pain Pathways
= ? | * Best Characterized: Cortex-PAG-RVM-Spinal cord..... * When PAG is stimulated --> activates RVM --> Release Serotonin To dampen pain at Dorsal horn (One is Sero and another is NE) |
Dopamine and Pain ? | * Dopamine is released in the striatum in response to pain..... * Deactivation of these structures results in hyperalgesia (great pain reduction) |
Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control = ? | * Pain inhibits Pain
.... * When a noxious stimuli is sent and processed, the output is to reduce the pain |
Gate Control Theory Segmental Inhibition = ? | * Beta fibers = close the gate…rubbing hand, after it is hit activates the larger Beta fibers, which closes gate (inhibits pain) |
Acute Pain = ? | * Adaptive and Short Lived |
Chronic Pain = ? | * NOT Adaptive and Pain that continues when it should not |
Chronic Pain is ______ driven ? | * Centrally Driven.... * something has happened centrally causing the pain to persist, bc the area is healed up |
Chronic Pain Conditions include = ? | * neuralgias -- chronic fatigue syndrome -- endometriosis -- fibromyalgia -- inflammatory bowel disease -- interstitial cystitis -- TMJ dysfunction -- vulvodynia |
Brain regions associated with pain = ? | * Somatosensory areas S1 and S2 -- Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) -- Insular cortex (IC)
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) -- Thalamus -- Cerebellum.... * Basically the Limbic System, Thalamus, and the Cerebellum |
Cortical Regions activated with pain: Anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC)basics = ? | * affective-motivational dimension of pain.... * Stimulation leads to the noxious feeling and unpleasantness of pain.... * Lesion of the ACC = Pain wouldn't feel unpleasant |
Cortical Regions activated with pain: Insular Cortex basics = ? | * Responsible for the magnitude of pain (INTENSITY)…… * Lesion here = heightened pain thresholds or the condition of pain asymbolia... * also see lack of empathy in others that get hurt |
ACC and IC are usually activated ? | * together with pain and their functions overlap |
Cortical Regions activated with pain: Prefrontal Cortex = ? | * Has to do to telling your conscious you are in pain, and what you are going to do about it |
What changes are observed in the CNS with Chronic Pain? | * DECREASES IN: Gray Matter and Thalamus Volume..... * INCREASES IN: amygdala excitability and PAG Volume |
Etiology of Chronic Pain = ? | * Defective descending inhibitory pain pathways.... * DNIC pathway are affected (pain inhib pathways) |
Comorbidities with Chronic Pain ? | * Patients with one chronic pain condition have an increased incidence of having a second or third pain condition
.... * may be explained by a shared defect in in descending inhibitory pain pathways |