Question | Answer |
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the lymphatic system? | Lymphatic tissue is present in only a few isolated organs in the body. |
Which of the following are produced by virus-infected cells to protect unifected cells from viral invasion? | prostaglandins |
Lymph flow is aided by | all of the above |
Which of the following best represents lymph flow from the interstitial spaces back to the blood? | capillaries --> vessels --> ducts --> junction of internal jugular & subclavian veins |
Lymph nodes | filter lymph |
Which of the following is NOT true about the role of skin the innate immunity? | Epidermal cells produce interferons to destroy viruses |
Which of the following statements about B cells is true? | Some develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. |
The cells that release granzymes, perforin, granulysin, and lymphotoixin are? | cytotoxic T cells |
The secondary response in antibody-mediated immunity? | is an intense response by memory cells to produce antibodies when an antigen is contacted again. |
The ability of the body's immune system to recognize its own tissues is known as? | self-tolerance |
A disease that causes destruction of helper T cells would result in all of the following effects EXCEPT? | alteration of lymph flow |
In which lymphatic organ do T cells mature? | thymus |
Place the following steps involved in the process of inflammation in the correct order. | d. 6, 2, 5, 1, 4, 3 |
What happens during opsonization? | binding of complement to a microbe |
All of the following contribute to innate immunity EXCEPT? | immunoglobulins |
Vasodilation and increased vessel permeability occur with the release of ? | histamine |
Place the phases of antigen processing in the correct order. | b. 4, 1, 6, 2, 5, 3 |
Antibodies attack antigens by all of the following methods EXCEPT? | production of acid secretions |
What is the importance of tonsils int eh body's defenses? | They help destroy microbes that are inhaled or ingested. |
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the phyarynx? | The palatine and lingual tonsils are located in the laryngopharynx. |
During speaking, you raise your voice's pitch. This is possible because? | you have increased the tension on the true vocal cords. |
Johnny is having an asthma attack and feels as if he cannot breath. Why? | Spasms in the bronchiole smooth muscle have blocked airflow to the alveoli. |
Which sequence of events best descreibes inhalation? | contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals --> increase in size of thoracic cavity --> decrease in alveolar pressure |
Which of the following does NOT help keep air passages clear? | capillaries in the nasal cavities |
The inflation refelx | is initiated by overinflation of the lungs. |
How does hypercapnia affect respiration? | It increases the rate of respiration? |
Air would flow into the lungs along the following route? | d. 6, 2, 3, 5, 1, 4 |
Under normal body conditions, hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when? | body temperature increases |
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the lungs? | The right lung contins the cardiac notch. |
Exhalation | occurs when alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure |
Where is the cricoid cartilage located? | larynx |
What is a primary factor that allows bronchioles to collapse more readily than the rest of the bronchial tree? | the rest of the bronchial tree contains supporting cartilage |
The primary form in which oxygen is transported in the blood is? | oxyhemoglobin |
Decreasing the surface area of the respiratory membrane would affect? | external respiration |
In which form is carbon dioxide NOT carried in the blood? | oxyhemoglobin |
Fill in the blanks in the following chemical reactions. | H2O, HCO3- |
Of the following, which would have the highest partial pressure of oxygen? | alveolar air immediately after inhalation |