Question | Answer |
long bone | length is greater than width
Function: acts as levers to be pulled by muscles and control movement |
short bone | roughly equal in length, width and thickness.
found in areas where limited movement is required.
example: carpels and tarsels |
flat bone | thin or curved bones
example: ribs, scapula, sternum and bones of cranium
shape is related to how much muscle is attached and where it is attached.
function: protects inner organs |
irregular bone | irregular shapes and projections
example: vertebrae, facial bones, bones of hip
extensions are for muscle attachment |
skeleton | 206 bones
axial:lies on axis of body
appendicular: upper and loser limbs, scapula, clavicle, coxal bones |
Skull | made up of cranial bones and facial bones
cranial: protect brain and stabilise position
facial: protect sensory structures and allows for muscle attachment |
coronal suture | joins frontal bone with two parietal bones |
sagittal suture | joins two parietal bones |
lambdoid suture | joins occipital bone with two parietal bones |
squamous suture | joins temporal bone with parietal bone |
frontal bone | forms forehead and upper orbit of eye |
frontal bone: orbital plate | forms superior part of orbit of eye, protects eye |
frontal bone: supraorbital margin (brow ridge) | protects eye |
frontal bone: supraorbital foramen | groove that nerves of blood vessels pass through |
frontal bone: frontal sinuses | openings in frontal bone filled with mucus membrane |
parietal bones | make up majority of roof and sides of cranium |
temporal bone: zygomatic arch | formed by temporal and parietal bones
zygomatic process of temporal bone joins with temporal process of zygomatic bone |
temporal bone: carotid canal | opening that the carotid artery passes through
artery that carries all blood TO brain, head and face |
temporal bone:jugular foramen | opening that the jugular vein passes through
brings all blood BACK from brain, head and face |
temporal bone: external auditory canal/meatus | opening into middle and inner ear |
temporal bone:mastoid process | area for muscle attachment |
temporal bone: styloid process | projection for muscle attachment |
occipital bone: foramen magnum | opening that allows brain to join with spinal cord |
occipital bone: occipital condyles | where the occipital bone articulates with the atlas of he vertical column |
sphenoid bone: two sphenoid sinuses | drain into nasal cavity |
sphenoid bone: greater and lesser wings | greater is back and larger. lesser is front |
sphenoid bone: optic canal/ foramen | allows optic nerve to pass through |
sphenoid bone: foramen rotundum, foramen oval and foramen spinosum | openings for cranial nerves and blood vessels to pass through |
foramen lucerum | opening between sphenoid and temporal bone
opening that carotid canal opens to |
ethmoid bone: crista galli | ridge that sticks up
projection that meninges attaches to (help stabilise brain) |
ethmoid bone:cribriform plate | flat plate on either side of crista galli
contains olfactory foramina - tiny holes that olfactory nerves go through |
ethmoid bone: perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone | forms part of nasal septum (bottom formed by vomer) |