Fact/definition | Answer/term |
Collection of neurons within the PNS | ganglion |
Slipper-shaped plate of thickened ectoderm, lying over notochord | neural plate |
Neural plate invaginates along its central axis to from this | neural groove |
Raised border of neural groove are known as | neural folds |
By end of the 3rd week neural folds move closer together and fuse in the midline forming | neural tube |
Formatoin of the neural tube begins in this region and progresses in what direction(s) | cervical, cranial and caudal |
This embryonic structure gives rise to the brain and the spinal cord | neural tube |
Neuroectodermal cells lying at the tip of neural folds separate from neighboring cells and migrate to sides of neural tube forming these cells | neural crest cells |
Name 5 things derived from neural crest cells | sensory ganglion and crainal nerves, autonomic ganglion, schwann cells, menniges of the brain and spinal cord, melanocytes, suprarenal medulla, and some skeletal and muscle components of the head |
Cephalic end of neural tube gives rise to 3 dilatations, or primary brain vesicles...what are they | prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon |
The prosencephalon corresponds to what embryologic structure | forebrain |
The mesencephalon correlates to what embroylogic structure | midbrain |
The rhombencephalon correlates to what embryologic structure | hindbrain |
The prosencephalon is further divied into | telencephalon and diencephalon |
The rhombencephalon is further divided into | metencephalon and myelencephalon |
The telencephalon relates to what brain region | cerebral hemispheres |
The diencephalon relates to what brain region(s) | thalamus and hypothalamus |
The metencephalon relates to what brain region(s) | pons and cerebellum |
The myelencephalon relates to what brain region(s) | medulla oblongata |
Cavity of the rhombencephalon | 4th ventricle |
Cavity of the mesencephalon | cerebral aquaduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) |
Cavity of the diencephalon | 3rd ventricle |
Cavity of the telencephalon | lateral ventricles |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum forms prominent clumps in the neuronal cytoplasm know as | Nissl bodies |
Nissl bodies are found in what part(s) of neurons | cell body (soma) and dentrites |
Transports molecules and organelles from cell body to distal end of axon | anterograde axonal transport |
Returns used or worn out materials to cell body for restoration, transports materials taken up by endocytosis | retrograde axonal transport |
Multilayered phosopholipid sheath formed by supporting cells | myelin |
The most important characteristic of myelin is | increase conduction velocity of nerve impulses |
This type of neuron gives rise to a single cell process which divides into periphral and central processes | unipolar neuron |
Unipolar neurons are found in what location(s) | sensory ganglion and some cranial nerves |
This type of neuron's cells body gives rise to 1 axon and 1 dendrite | bipolar neuron |
Bipolar neurons are found in what location(s) | retina and ganglion of the vestibulocochlear nerve |
This type of neuron's cell body gives rise to 1 axon and 2 or more dendrites | multipolar neuron |
This type of neurons lies entirely with in CNS and establishes neuronal circuits between sonsory and motor neurons and between other neurons like them | interneurons |
This type of fiber carries impulses from the periphral receptors to the CNS | afferent(sensory) |
This type of fiber carries impulses from the CNS to periphral effectors | efferent(motor) |
Groups of neuronal cell bodies with similar anatomical connections and functions within the CNS | nuclei (grey matter) |
Groups of axons that have similar origin, termination, and course and transmit the same type of information | tracts |
A series of neurons designed to carry a specific type of information from one site to another(e.g. periphral receptors to cerebral cortex, from peripheral receptors to cerebellum) | pathway |
Term used to define the crossing of major ascending and descending tracts to the opposite side within the CNS | decussation |
This type of cell lines the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord | ependymal cells |
This type of cell are phagocytes that engulf debris resulting from injuries, infections, or disease in the CNS | mircoglial cells |
This type of cells has processes that reach the surface of the brain and spinal cord and form a protective covering (external limiting membrane or glial membrane) | astrocytes |
This type of cell assists in the blood-brain barrier and assists with electrolyte balance of the CNS | astrocytes |
This type of cell removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft and produces trophic factors necessary for neuronal survival, also forms scars after CNS injury | astrocytes |
This type of cell is involved in formation and maintenance of myelin in the CNS | oligodendrocytes |
One oligodendrocyte forms myelin around one or many axons in the CNS? | many (40-50) |
This cell is involved in the formation and maintenance of myelin in the PNS, and maintains how many axons? | Schwann cell (part of 1 axon) |
This type of cell surround neuronal cell bodies in the sensory and autonomic ganglion | Capsular (Satellite) cells |