Question | Answer |
copernicus's major contributions + major work | heliocentric universe, on the revolutions of heavenly spheres |
what were keplers major contributions | paths of planets are elliptical not circular, publicized cop's ideas |
keplers major work | new astronomy |
brahe's contributions | researched + supported earth centered universe, lots of data, made instruments |
galileos major contributions | saw new stars + moons through telescope, and publicized through social standing, universe subject to math |
galileos major works | starry messenger, letters on sunspots |
newtons contributions | father of physics, laws of gravity, empiricism |
what is empiricism | one must observe phenomena before trying to explain them |
Newtons major work | Principia mathematica |
Bacon's major contributions | father of empiricism |
descartes major contributions | developed scientific method (deductive reasoning) beyond empiricism |
descarted major work. what did he write in it | discourse on method. rejected scholasticism and advocated math |
what 2 categories did descartes divide the world | thinking things (mind) and things occupying space (body) |
what was hobbes view of human nature | extremely dark, humans are selfish |
what was hobbes political view | advocated absolute monarchy |
what is hobbes famous work | leviathan |
what is john lockes view on human nature | its good, have natural rights to liberty |
what is lockes view on politics | people have right to overthrow if ruler becomes tyrant` |
Lockes famous works | first and second treatise of civil gov, letters concerning toleration |
how did the united provinces of netherlands become a nation | after successfully revolting against spain |
who is prince william III of orange | stadtholder (hereditary chief) of the most important province Holland |
How did the Netherlands differ from the rest of europe | other nations had monarchies, netherlands was a republic where states had power |
What 4 factors was Dutch economic achievement built upon? | Urban life, Farming Trade (fishing, textiles, shipping), Overseas Empire (gained control through spice trade in Asia) |
why did netherlands decline? | lost central authority and became disunited |
2 models of government in england; france | parliamentary monarchy; absolutism |
why did these models of government arise? | cost of warfare was high and only these types of governments succeeded in raising enough money |
who was James I? describe political policies and religious policies | ruled after elizabeth, from scotland, wanted anglicanisms so faces problems with puritans and was anti-parliament |
what was Charlies I view on parliament? what did he want for religion | anti, religious conformity |
what was the petition of right | parliament has to approve taxes, no unfair imprisonment, no quartering of troops in private homes |
why did the english civil war start | parliament wouldnt give funds to charles's war in scotland, so he built his own army and parliament built their own army |
2 factors that allowed parliament to win the civil war | alliance with scotland + leadership of oliver cromwell |