| Question | Answer |
| government run by church or religious leaders | theocracy |
| tried to force Lutheran princes back into catholic church. when he and the princes reached an agreement it was called the Peace of Augsburg | Charles V |
| supported social order and was liked by the peasants; he denounced (did not support) the Peasant's Revolt and nobles suppressed the rebellion. This upset the peasants. | Luther |
| swiss priest who was more radical than Luther; he admired Erasmus | Ulrich Zwingli |
| each prince decided the religion for their lands. The northern German states chose Lutheran and the southern German states chose Catholic. | Peace of Augsburg |
| started by Zwingli; led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich | Swiss Reformation |
| born in France trained as a priest, lawyer, and writer. He wrote a book describing how to run the Protestant church. He shared many of Luther's beliefs. | John Calvin |
| idea that god long ago determined who would gain salvation | predestination |
| where the chosen people of Switzerland lived | geneva |
| Council of Trent | to establish direction for reform, the sale of indulgences was abolished |
| empowering the Inquisition | Pope Paul III strengthened inquisition, then he was tortured and executed |
| early reformer | Girolamo Savonarola was a monk and one of the first reformers to try to change the church from within. He was executed. |
| Teresa of Avila | symbolized the renewal feeling of intense faith from the Catholic Reformation |
| Legacy of Catholic Reformation | majority of Europeans remained Catholic; the Catholic Reformation was led by Pope Paul the 3rd |
| Widespread Persecution | heightened religious passion; fostered intolerance and persecuted radical sects, witches, and jews |
| conducting witch hunts | tens of thousands of men and women died as victims. Many people were accused of witchcraft: beggars, midwives, herbalists |
| persecuting the Jews | Spain expelled Jews. Italy tried to pressure the Jews to convert. |
| Council of Trent | to establish direction for reform, the sale of indulgences was abolished |
| empowering the Inquisition | Pope Paul III strengthened inquisition, then he was tortured and executed |
| early reformer | Girolamo Savonarola was a monk and one of the first reformers to try to change the church from within. He was executed. |
| Teresa of Avila | symbolized the renewal feeling of intense faith from the Catholic Reformation |
| Legacy of Catholic Reformation | majority of Europeans remained Catholic |
| Widespread Persecution | heightened religious passion; fostered intolerance and persecuted radical sects, witches, and jews |
| conducting witch hunts | tens of thousands of men and women died as victims. Many people were accused of witchcraft: beggars, midwives, herbalists |
| persecuting the Jews | Spain expelled Jews. Italy tried to pressure the Jews to convert. |
| Act of Supremacy | made Henry the only supreme head on earth of the church of England; it resulted in many executions of loyal Catholics; it created a new Christian denomination and eliminating papal involvement in British affairs |
| Sir Thomas Moore | recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church; he was executed for attempting to resign from Henry's government |
| Peasant's Revolt | revolt across Germany called to end serfdom and harsh life; |
| sect | religious groups that had broken away from an established church. |
| Henry VIII | responsible for England's break with the Catholic Church; he ordered that Catholic convents and monasteries be closed because he said they were bad, or immoral. He secured support for the Anglican Church |
| Edward VI | only surviving son of Henry VIII |
| Mary Tudor | took over after Edward VI died; she worked to restore England to Catholic. |
| anabaptists | very radical group of Protestant sects who rejected infant baptism |
| He felt that stability depended on having a male heir and he married 6 times | Henry VIII |
| Church of England | Anglican Church |
| Thomas Cranmer | he was made archbishop by Henry VIII and he granted Henry his divorce with Catherine of Aragon; |
| Thomas Cromwell | another person who helped with Henry's divorce |
| Queen Elizabeth | Known as the virgin queen, she ended decades of religious turmoil in Englad; she was 2 years old when her mom Anne Boleyn was beheaded |
