Term | Definition |
Preconditions of Black Plague | overpopulation --> malnutrition --> bad health --> vulnerable to plague |
Spread of Black Plague | Fleas on rats in ships from the Black Sea...entered Europe through ports |
Flagellants | beat themselves in penance during Black Plague...spread disease |
Effects of Black Plague | high depopulation |
Preconditions to Hundred Year' War (1337-1453) | French King, Charles IV, died without an heir...Edward III vs Philip VI of Valois |
Results of 100 Years War | France won due to the help of Joan of Arc (gave french national identity) |
Pope Innocent III | transformed papacy into a secular power |
Unam Sanctam 1302 | Boniface VIII declared that temporal authority was subject to the spiritual power of the church |
Pope Clement V | moved papal court to Avignon in order to maintain its independence from the French king, Philip the Friar |
Avignon Papacy 1309-1377 | Cut off from Roman Estates --> indulgences |
Indulgences | pardons for unrepented sins |
John Wycliffe | England...Lollards > personal merit was true basis of religious authority |
John Huss | Bohemia...Hussites > believed bread and wine remain: questioned the sacrements |
Gregory XI | reestablished Papacy in Rome 1377 |
Pope Urban VI | elected as new Pope (supported in Rome & Britain) |
Pope Clement VII | elected same time as Urban VI...elected by the French king, Charles V, so the papacy could stay in Avignon (supported by France) |
Council of Pisa | elected Alexander V as pope...disposed both Urban VI & Clement VII as pope (refused to step down) = 3 POPES |
Council of Constance | disposed of all 3 popes, and elected a new pope, Pope Martin V |