Term | Definition |
Muscular system | Provides mobility and movement, produces heat |
Tendons | anchor muscles to bone and other muscles |
sarcolemma | special name for the cell membrane of a m. cell |
sarcoplasm | special name for cytoplasm of a m. cell |
muscle fiber | a skeletal muscle cell is called a ________ |
fascicles | muscle fibers are grouped into bundles called _________ |
perimysium | fascicles are surrounded by _________ |
Actin | thin contractile proteins that interact with myosin |
myosin | thicker contractile proteins |
titin | protein that anchors myosin to the Z line |
T-tubules | tubes that allow signals to travel into the cell |
sarcoplasmic reticulum | ER of the m. cell, stores calcium ions |
Origin | where muscle begins |
Belly | the thick middle part of a muscle |
insertion | opposite end of the origin |
Heads | muscles that have more than one belly |
Action | the movement a muscle causes when it contracts |
Prime mover | the primary muscle that brings about the desired movement |
Antagonist | the muscle that does the opposite of the prime mover |
synergist | secondary muscle that brings about the desired movement, assists prime mover |
thermogenesis | heat produced from the normal muscle metabolism |
Maximus | Largest |
Minimus | Smallest |
Major | large |
Minor | small |
longus | long |
brevis | short |
deltoid | triangular |
Rhombus | diamond shape |
sarratus | sawtoothed |
trapezius | trapezoidal |
pectoralis | chest |
brachio | upper arm |
radialis | radius b. |
gluteus | buttock |
femoris | femur |
sterno | sternum |
cleido | clavicle |
Mastoid | mastoid process |
digiti | finger or toe |
pollicis | thumb |
hallicus | big toe |
lateralis | lateral |
medialis | medial |
intermedius | middle |
profundus | deep |
superficialis | superficial |
biceps | 2 heads |
triceps | 3 heads |
quadriceps | 4 heads |
Rectus | straight |
transverse | sideways/across |
oblique | diagonal |
Adductor | adducts |
abductor | abducts |
Flexor | flexes |
extensor | extends |
levator | elevates |
frontalis | raises eyebrows |
orbicularis oculi | closes eyes |
masseter | closes jaw |
temporalis | closes jaw |
sternocleidomastoid | flexes head "prayer muscle" |
orbicularis oris | draws lips together |
rectus abdominis | flexes lumbar region to allow bending forward |
external oblique | stabilizes spine |
internal oblique | stabilizes spine to maintain posture, permits rotation at waist |
transversus abdominis | compresses contents of abdomen |
linea alba | band of connective tissue in the abdomen |
Deltoid | abducts, flexes, and rotates arm |
pectoralis major | flexes and adducts upper arm |
serratus anterior | pulls shoulder down and forward |
latissimus dorsi | adducts and extends the arm backwards |
trapezius | raises or lowers shoulders |
brachialis | flexes the forearm (ulna) |
biceps brachii | flexes the forearm (radius) |
triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
brachioradialis | helps flex the forearm |
hand and digit extensors | extends the wrist |
hand and digit flexors | flex the wrist |
sartorius | adducts and flexes the leg, permits sitting "cross legged" |
adductor group | adduct the thigh |
quadriceps femoris | flexes the thigh, extends the leg |
gluteus maximus | extends the and rotates the thigh outward |
gluteus medius | abducts and rotates the thigh outward |
gluteous minimus | abducts and rotates the thigh |
hamstrings | extend the thigh |
gastrocnemeus | plantar flexion of the foot |
soleus | plantar flexion of the foot |
Thick filaments | Consists of hundreds of myosin molecules stacked together, With the myosin heads facing outward |
Thin filaments | Consisting of two chains of the contractile protein actin |
direct attachment | muscle fibers merge with the periosteum of the bone |
indirect attachment | the epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon |
striated | striped |
involuntary muscle | contracts automatically |
voluntary muscles | contract at will |
synaptic cleft | between the end of the motor nerve and the muscle fiber |
neuromuscular junction | the connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber |
motor units | the neuron and all the fibers it stimulates |
extensor digitorum longus | dorsiflexion of the foot |
treppe | the phenomenon, in which each successive twitch contracts more forcefully than the previous one |
incomplete tetanus | the condition of rapid contraction with only partial relaxation |
complete tetanus | twitches merge into one prolonged contraction |
Muscular system | Include the skeletal muscles and accessory muscles |
cardiac, smooth | Muscular system includes the skeletal muscles, not the _____ or _____ muscle |
cells | Each molecule is made up of thousands of individual muscle _____ |
sarcoplasm | Fibrils are fibers of the muscle cell that are bound together within the cell membrane and a layer called _____ |
muscle | Fascicles are bundled into the ______ |
Contraction | Muscle cells are specialized for _________ |
Movement | Fibers shorten to produce _____ |
Fibrose | Tendons are made of dense _____ connective tissue |
Deep fascia | Tendons continuation of ________ that covers the muscle |
Periosteum | Tendon merges with the _____ to anchor to bone |
Myofibrils | Sarcoplasm is filled with _______ |
Glycogen and oxygen | Myofibrils store ______ |
Sarcomeres | The contractile units in the muscle fiber |
Myophilements | Bundles of sarcomeres |
Myophilements | Made up of actin and myosin |
Z line | Forms the end boundaries of the sarcomere |
Cross bridge | Actin forms a _____ with myosin which shortens the sarcomere |