Question | Answer |
2 methods of Bone Formation | 1)Intramembrous method: Fibrous Membrane replaced by bone skull bone, face,shaft,clavicle
2)Endochondral or Cartilaginous:cartilage replaced by bone all other bones. |
Bone Growth in Width | Appositional Growth = side to side = layer to layer. Beneath periosteum: a deeper layer of periosteum composed og osteoblasts which are responsible for new bone. |
Bone Growth in Length | Epiphyseal Plate: growth due to cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate as it grows replace by osteoblasts |
Minerals in Bones/Bone Composition | ALL MINERALS; examples: collagen, calcium, phosphate, carbonate, fluoride, magnesium, sodium, even lead |
What attaches the periosteum to bone? | Sharpey's Fibers |
What bone does the occipital condyles rest on? | 1st vertebrae or atlas |
Where is the superior orbital fissure found? | sphenoid bone = slit in the back of eye sockets |
Where is the glabella found? | frontal bone |
Where is the perpendicular plate found? | ethmoid bone = downward extension from the cribiform plate that forms part of the nasal septum |
Where is the mastoid process found? | temporal bone = projects downward on temporal bone contains air spaces which communicate with middle ear |
Where is the optic foramen found? | sphenoid bone = below the lesser wings an opening on each side of the sphenoid body. |
Where is the anterior clinoid processes found? | sphenoid bone = 2 processes that extend back from the lesser wings of the sphenoid |
Name ALL parts of the ethmoid bone | cribriform plates = indentations,
crista galli = boney middle,
perpindicular plate,
olfactory formins - tiny holes,
nasal septum = superior nasal concha, middle nasal concha |
Where is the infra orbital foramen found? | maxilla bone = holes on either side of the nose up toward the eyes |
Where is the capitulum found? | condyloid process (mandible) slightly upper end of the mandible = it articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint |
Where are the transverse processes found? | all vertebrae |
Where are facets found? | Thoracic vertabrae (all vertebrae) |
What is compact bone? | Solid
Strong
Support
Protection
Found along lines of stress in shaft of long bones
Forms protective outer shell in others |
What 2 bones have alveolar processes? | Maxillary = top jaw
mandible = bottom jaw |
The superior articular process forms a joint with what? | inferior articular process |
What are the primary curves of the vertabral column? | thoracic and sacral |
What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column? | cervical = when baby holds head up
lumbar = when baby begins to walk |
Where is the jugular notch located? | manubrium |
Where is the sternal angle located? | sternum
separates manubrium and body |
Fontanels and Locations
2 at top of skull | 1)anterior/frontal = junction of sagittal.coronal and frontal sutures.
2)occipital/posterior = junction of sagittal and lomboidal suture |
Fontanels and Locations
2 on side of skull | anterolateral = eachside@ junction of frontal,parietal,sphenoid,temperal bone (temple)
posterolateral = each side @ juction of temporal,parietal,occipital bones (by optic foramen) |
Where is the clavicle notch located and what does it form? | manubrium
forms sterno clavicular joints |
Where is bone marrow found? | medullary cavity |
What is another name for shaft? | diaphysis |
What is ossification? | bone formation |
What is osteomyelitis? | inflammation of bone |
What is the bone destroying cell? | osteoclast |
What is the bone forming cell? | osteoblast |
How many different vertebrae are there? | 7 cervical (neck)
12 thoracic (thorax)
5 lumbar (small of back)
1 sacram (fusion of 5 bones)
1 coccyx (fusion of 4 verebrae) |
What is the membrane that helps bone repair itself? | periosteum / fibrous membrane |
How many pairs of ribs are there and how are they classified? | 12 pairs
trues ribs (1st) 7 and attahced to sternum
false ribs last 5 but 8-10 are attahced to cartilage of 7th rib
floating ribs last 2 of flase ribs not attached to anything
all ribs attahced to vertebral column |
Where is the sella turcia located? | sphenoid bone |
where are the anterior and posterior clinoids located? | sphenoid bone |
Where are the greater and lesser wings located? | sphenoid bone |
What is a Cleft palate and what 2 bones are involved? | line separating L and R side of palatine process don't fuse. 2 BONES palatine process(3/4) and palatine bone (1/4) |
What are the 2 names of the cheek bone? | Zygomatic and malor |
What are the abormalities of the spine? | kyphosis/hunchback = increase of thoracic curve,
lordosis/swayback = increase in lumbar curve,
scoliosis = side to side curvature |
what is spina bifida? | An opening in the spine where laminae of vertebrae fail to fuse together. leaving an opening where the contents of the verebral canal protude outward. looks like a tail sticking out of back |
what are the name of the sutures on skull and their locations? | coronal = B/W frontal and parietal bone
lambdoidal = B/W parietal and occipital bone
sagittal = B/W two parietal bones
squamosal = B/W temproal and parietal bones |
2 parts of the hard palate? | palatine process = (1st) 3/4
palatine bone last 1/4 |
where is the transverse foramen and what comes through it? | found in the cervical vertebrae and carries arteries to brain. |
what is cancellous/spongy bone? | weak, holey,light weight,found under compact shell and in epiphyses of the long bone with marrow filled spaces |
where is the inferior conchae (turbinates) located? | extend along lateral walls of nasal cavities. buldges on the side of each nasal cavity |
What bones contain sinuses? | frontal
mastoid
maxillary |
Costal cartilage | Thoracic /sternum |
Where is the occipital condyles found? What bone? | Occipital bone |