Question | Answer |
Anatomical position | Standing erect, toes pointed forward, palms forward |
Superior | Above |
Inferior | Below |
Anterior | Toward front |
Posterior | Toward back |
Medial | Toward midline |
Lateral | Away midline |
Proximal | Closer to the point of orgin |
Distal | farther from the point of orgin |
Ventral | Toward front |
dorsal | Toward back |
Superficial | Closer surface |
Deep | farther surface |
Antebrachial | forearm |
Antecubital | bend of the elbow |
Axillary | armpit |
Brachial | arm |
Buccal | cheek |
Cervical | neck |
Crural | leg |
Deltiod | shoulder |
Digital | fingers and toes |
Femoral | thigh |
frontal | forehead |
Inguinal | groin |
Nasal | nose |
Oral | mouth |
Orbital | eye |
Patella | knee cap |
Thoracic | chest |
Umbilical | navel |
Genu | knee |
Cephalic | head |
Gluteal | buttocks |
Lumber | lower back |
Occipital | base of the skull |
Olecranon | elbow |
Popliteal | behind the knee |
Sural | calf of the leg |
Planter | sole of the foot |
Gastric | stomach |
Hepatic | liver |
Renal | kidney |
Cardiac | heart |
Pulmonary | lungs |
Volar | palm of the hand |
Caudaul | toward the tail |
Frontal plane | divide front to back |
Sagittal plane | side to side |
Mid-sagittal plane | side to side, equal parts |
Transverse plane | divides top to bottom |
RUQ | right upper quadrant |
RLQ | right lower quadrant |
LUQ | left upper quadrant |
LLQ | left lower quadrant |
Dorsal cavity includes | cranial & spinal
Note: no dividing point |
Ventral cavity includes | thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
Dividing point for ventral cavity | diaphragm |
# of quadrants in the abdominal area | 4 |
# of regions the abdominal area | 9 |
Atrophy = | wasting away |
Hypertrophy = | increase in tissue size |
Element = | substances that cannot ne broken down further |
canton | |
anion | negative |
cell respiration | break down of food |
intracellular fluid | fluid inside the cell |
Extracellular fluid | fluid inside the cell |
Electrolytes = | any various ions; sodium, potassium, chloride |
Major solvent in the body? | water |
Major source of energy providing food to the body cells? | carbohydrates |
Below 7 pH is | acidic |
Above 7 pH is | alkaline (base) |
Building blocks of proteins? | amino acids |
DNA = | bluepring |
RNA = | messenger and decoder |
Integumentary system = | skin, hair, nails |
Integumentary system function? | water proofs, protects and is damaged by sunburn |
Skeletal system function? | supports and provides frame work to assist skeletal muscles with movement |
Nervous system does what? | uses impulses and is fast acting |
Endocrine system does what? | uses regulatory substances called hormones and is slow acting |
Cardiovascular system does what? | delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells |
Lymphatic system does what? | protects and destroys bacteria |
Respiratory system does what? | removes carbon dioxide from the blood |
Digestive system does what? | breaks down food |
Urinary system does what? | eliminates excess water |
Reproductive system does what? | provides for conception and child bearing |
Anatomy= | study of the structure of the body |
Physiology= | study of the function of the body |
Organization of the body= | atoms=molecules=cells=tissues=organs=
organ systems=body |
Smallest unit is | atoms |
Smallest living unit is | cells |
Main type of tissue
Epithelial= | cover or line body surfaces |
Main type of tissue
Muscle= | specialized in contraction |
Main type of tissue
Nerve= | specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses |
Main type of tissue
Connective= | connect and support |
What systems have the main responsibility of ensuring homeostasis of the internal environment? | Endocrine system & Nervous system |
Metabolism= | sum total of all of the reactions in the body |
Anabolism does what? | builds up, uses energy |
Catabolism does what? | breaks down, supplies energy |
Anabolism + Catabolism = | Metabolism |
Survival needs? | Nutrients, Oxygen, Water(60-80%of body weight),temperature 98.6/37, atmospheric pressure |
Homeostatic and physiologic control mechanisms are? | receptor, control center, effector
Note:must know in order |
Most homeostatic control mechanisms which feedback system? | Negative |