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A&P overview
Basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomical position | Standing erect, toes pointed forward, palms forward |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior | Toward front |
| Posterior | Toward back |
| Medial | Toward midline |
| Lateral | Away midline |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of orgin |
| Distal | farther from the point of orgin |
| Ventral | Toward front |
| dorsal | Toward back |
| Superficial | Closer surface |
| Deep | farther surface |
| Antebrachial | forearm |
| Antecubital | bend of the elbow |
| Axillary | armpit |
| Brachial | arm |
| Buccal | cheek |
| Cervical | neck |
| Crural | leg |
| Deltiod | shoulder |
| Digital | fingers and toes |
| Femoral | thigh |
| frontal | forehead |
| Inguinal | groin |
| Nasal | nose |
| Oral | mouth |
| Orbital | eye |
| Patella | knee cap |
| Thoracic | chest |
| Umbilical | navel |
| Genu | knee |
| Cephalic | head |
| Gluteal | buttocks |
| Lumber | lower back |
| Occipital | base of the skull |
| Olecranon | elbow |
| Popliteal | behind the knee |
| Sural | calf of the leg |
| Planter | sole of the foot |
| Gastric | stomach |
| Hepatic | liver |
| Renal | kidney |
| Cardiac | heart |
| Pulmonary | lungs |
| Volar | palm of the hand |
| Caudaul | toward the tail |
| Frontal plane | divide front to back |
| Sagittal plane | side to side |
| Mid-sagittal plane | side to side, equal parts |
| Transverse plane | divides top to bottom |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| Dorsal cavity includes | cranial & spinal Note: no dividing point |
| Ventral cavity includes | thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
| Dividing point for ventral cavity | diaphragm |
| # of quadrants in the abdominal area | 4 |
| # of regions the abdominal area | 9 |
| Atrophy = | wasting away |
| Hypertrophy = | increase in tissue size |
| Element = | substances that cannot ne broken down further |
| canton | |
| anion | negative |
| cell respiration | break down of food |
| intracellular fluid | fluid inside the cell |
| Extracellular fluid | fluid inside the cell |
| Electrolytes = | any various ions; sodium, potassium, chloride |
| Major solvent in the body? | water |
| Major source of energy providing food to the body cells? | carbohydrates |
| Below 7 pH is | acidic |
| Above 7 pH is | alkaline (base) |
| Building blocks of proteins? | amino acids |
| DNA = | bluepring |
| RNA = | messenger and decoder |
| Integumentary system = | skin, hair, nails |
| Integumentary system function? | water proofs, protects and is damaged by sunburn |
| Skeletal system function? | supports and provides frame work to assist skeletal muscles with movement |
| Nervous system does what? | uses impulses and is fast acting |
| Endocrine system does what? | uses regulatory substances called hormones and is slow acting |
| Cardiovascular system does what? | delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells |
| Lymphatic system does what? | protects and destroys bacteria |
| Respiratory system does what? | removes carbon dioxide from the blood |
| Digestive system does what? | breaks down food |
| Urinary system does what? | eliminates excess water |
| Reproductive system does what? | provides for conception and child bearing |
| Anatomy= | study of the structure of the body |
| Physiology= | study of the function of the body |
| Organization of the body= | atoms=molecules=cells=tissues=organs= organ systems=body |
| Smallest unit is | atoms |
| Smallest living unit is | cells |
| Main type of tissue Epithelial= | cover or line body surfaces |
| Main type of tissue Muscle= | specialized in contraction |
| Main type of tissue Nerve= | specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses |
| Main type of tissue Connective= | connect and support |
| What systems have the main responsibility of ensuring homeostasis of the internal environment? | Endocrine system & Nervous system |
| Metabolism= | sum total of all of the reactions in the body |
| Anabolism does what? | builds up, uses energy |
| Catabolism does what? | breaks down, supplies energy |
| Anabolism + Catabolism = | Metabolism |
| Survival needs? | Nutrients, Oxygen, Water(60-80%of body weight),temperature 98.6/37, atmospheric pressure |
| Homeostatic and physiologic control mechanisms are? | receptor, control center, effector Note:must know in order |
| Most homeostatic control mechanisms which feedback system? | Negative |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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