Question | Answer |
Arteries | Distribute blood through the body |
Tunica Externa | Outer layer of veins and arteries made of connective fibers so they do not burst under pressure |
Tunica Media | Smooth inner layer of veins and arteries |
Tunica Intima | Most inner layer of veins and arteries made of a single layer of squamous epithelia cells |
Endothelium | Squamous Epithelia cells in the tunica intima |
Precapillary spincters | Guard entrances to the capillaries and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary bed. |
Arteries and Arterioles | Distribute blood from the heart to capillaries |
Venules and veins | Collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart |
Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries restricting the flow of blood through them. |
Ischemia | Is the result of the flow of blood slowing down too much. |
Necrosis | Tissue death |
Gangrene | Necrotic tissue that has decayed |
Atherosclerosis | Blockage of arteries by lipids and other matter (plaque) |
Cerebrovasular Accident (CVA) | Brain aneurysm or stroke |
Varicose veins | Are caused by blood pooling in the vein rather than continuing to the heart. |
Hemorrhoids (piles) | Are varicose veins of the rectum. |
Phlebitis | Vein inflammation |
Thrombophlebitis | Acute phlebitis caused by clot formation. |
Hepatic Portal Circulation | Route of blood flow through the liver. |
Spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines | All blood flows into the liver from these organs and is filtered. |
Two small umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein | Make up the umbilical cord |
Umbilical vein | Carries oxygenated blood tp the fetus |
Umbilical Artery | Carries oxygen poor blood from the fetus |
Dectus Venosus | Allows blood returning from the placenta to bypass the immature liver of the fetus and empty into the inferior vena cava |
Foramen Ovale | Shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium |
So-called hole in the heart is caused from? | The ductus arteriosus not closing properly upon the birth of the fetus. |
The Ductus Arteriousus | Connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery in a fetus. |
Blood pressure | Is the "push" of blood as it flows through the circulatory system. |
Blood Pressure Gradient | The difference between any two blood pressures. |
Blood volume,strength of heart contractions, heart rate, blood viscosity all do what? | Affect blood pressure. |
Polycythemia | is caused when red blood cells increase beyond normal. Which in turn increases blood pressure and blood viscosity. |
Peripheral resistance | Describes any force that acts against the flow of blood in a blood vessel. |
Vasomotor mechanism | Adjustment of muscle tensioin in vessel walls to control blood pressure and thus blood flow. |
Central venous pressure | Venous blood pressure within the right atrium and influences the pressure that exists in the large peripheral veins. |
When feeling someones "pulse" you are actually feeling? | An artery expanding and then recoiling |
Superficial Temporal Artery is located? | Front of the ear on the face. |
Carotid Artery is located? | In the neck. |
Axillary artery is located? | In the armpit. |
Brachial Arter is located? | At the bend of the elbow. |
Radial Artery is located? | At the wrist. |
Femoral Artery is located? | In the groin. |
Popliteal Artery is located? | Behind the knee. |
Dorsalis Pedis Artery is located | On the front surface of the foot, below the bend of the ankle joint. |
Hypertension occurs? | When Blood pressure is above 140/90. |
Circulatory shock is? | Failure of the circulatory system to adequately deliver oxygen to the tissues. |
Cardiogenic Shock is? | The heart can no longer pump blood effectively, blood flow to the tissues decreases or stops. |
Hypovolemic shock is? | loss of blood in the blood vessels. |
Anaphylactic Shock is. | Resulting from an acute allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. |
Septic shock is? | Resulting from complication of septicemia, a condiction in which infectious agents release toxins into the blood. |