Question | Answer |
The three functions of the nervous system are... | Sensory input, integration, and motor output. |
Motor output is an example of a... | function of the nervous system. |
The division of the brain that consists of the brain and spinal chord is... | The central nervous system |
The division of the brain that consists of the nerves and ganglia is... | The peripheral nervous system. |
The cells in the nervous tissue that supports an nourishes neurons is... | nueroglia |
The cells in the nervous tissue that transmits nerve impulses... | neurons |
The body, dendrites, and the axon are the three major divisions of a... | neuron |
A bundle of axons in the PNS is a... | nerve |
A bundle of axons in the CNS is a... | tract |
This neuron carries sensory information from receptors to the CNS... | sensory |
This neuron carries impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands. | motor |
These neurons form pathways in the CNS... | interneurons |
A nerve signal is known as... | an action potential |
The cell membrane has a ______ charge on the inside. | negative |
The cell membrane has a _______ charge on the outside. | positive |
The potential energy that exists across a cell membrane is called... | resting membrane potential |
Where does an action potential occur? | the axon |
At the start of an action potential, channels for sodium open, allowing it to move _____ the cell. | into |
The movement of sodium into the cell creates a ______ change in membrane potential, causing ___________. | positive, depolarization |
After depolarization, _______ channels close and _______ channels open. | sodium, potassium |
As potassium moves out, the cell becomes more _______, causing ________. | negative, repolarization |
In a myelinated axon, the potential jumps from one _________ to the next. | node of Ranvier |
The conduction of an action potential in a mylelinated neuron is... | saltatory |
The axon can branch into many endings that are known as... | axon terminals |
In the axon terminal there are _______ filled with neurotransmitters. | vesicles |
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, channels for ______ open and ions move ____ the axon. | calcium, into |
Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to ______ on the _________ neuron. | receptors, post-synaptic |
The protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord are called.... | meninges |
The outermost layer of the meninges is the... | dura mater |
The middle layer of the meninges is the... | arachnoid mater |
The deepest layer of the meninges is the... | pia mater |
The empty space between the dura and arachnoid is the... and what does it contain.... | subdural space
it contains serous fluid |
The space between the arachnoid and the pia is the... | subarachnoid |
The subarachnoid is full of... | cerebrospinal fluid |
The spinal cord begins at the base of the brain and travels through the large opening called the... | formen magnum |
What is the somatic nervous system? | Voluntary actions that we chose to do |
What is the autonomic nervous system? | Involuntary actions that we undertake (E.g Breathing, however we can make this somatic) |
What is the sympathetic division? | Mobilises body systems during emergency situations 'flight or fight' |
What is the parasympathetic division? | Conserves energy, promotes non-emergency functions 'Rest and digest' |
What is another word for the sensory division? | Afferent |
What is another word for the motor division? | Efferent |
What are myotomes? | A group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve root. They control the movement of muscles. (Motor division) |
What are dermatomes? | An area of skin that is controlled by a single spinal nerve. They relay sensation to the brain. (Sensory division) |
Barorecepetors | baroreceptors function to inform the autonomic nervous system of beat-to-beat changes in blood pressure within the arterial system |
chemoreceptors | transmit nervous signals to the respiratory center in the brain to help regulate respiratory activity. |
Dendrites | they receive and carry incoming action potentials towards cell bodies. |