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Anatomy Exam 1 dr. l
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Number of bones in the Human Body? | 206 Bones |
| Functions of the skeletal system | support, movement, protection, mineral reservoir, hemopoiesis |
| Axial Bones | Skull, Vertebral Column, and ribs 80 bones 29 skull bones |
| Appendicular skeleton | Limbs |
| Foramen | Opening in bone, allowing nerves to pass through |
| Fossa | a ditch or trench, concavity in bone |
| facet | smooth bony surface, coated with articular cartilage |
| process | growing out |
| tubercle | Small prominence |
| condyle knuc | knuckle like |
| trochanter | the bony landmarl; means runner |
| meatus | passage |
| Ethmoid Bone | perpendicular plate, cribriform plate, olfactory foraminae, cristi galli, turbinates, chonchae |
| Deviated Septum | misalignment in vomer and perpendicular plate |
| Temporal Bone | 3 portions: squamous, mastoid, petrosal |
| Fontanels of Skull | Soft spots, 6 spots |
| Hyoid Bone | u shaped single bone at base of tongue, supports tongue musculature |
| Vertebral Column | Cervial, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx |
| Cervical | 7 bones, including Atlas and Axis, Kyphosis, needs to be supported in a new born |
| Axis | includes dens allows for rotation of skull |
| Thoracic | Middle, 12, Lordosis |
| Lumbar | Lowest, most weight bearing, 5, scoliosis |
| Intervertebral Disc | Function cushion, made of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus |
| Herniated Disc | protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, think jelly donut, most common in lumbar region |
| Body of Vertebra | Largest part, region where disc sits |
| Pedicles of Vertebra | Located between the body and the articulating facets |
| Laminae of Vertebra | Located between the transverse process and the spinous process |
| Vertebral Foramen | Hole, allowing the spinal cord to pass through |
| Seven processes of the Vertebral bones | 2 transverse, 1 spinous, and 4 articular facets |
| Sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| Ribs | ten attached, two floating |
| Upper extremity | pectoral girdle, arm and hand |
| pectoral girdle | scapulae and clavicles |
| Lower extremity | pelvis girdle, leg, petella, foot bones |
| pelvic girdle | sacrum, coxal bones |
| Father of Medicine and the Father of Anatomy | Hippocrates |
| Bone that merges with the perpendicular plate to form the bony nasal septum | vomer |
| squamosal suture joins the temporal bone to the _____ bone | parietal |
| term that describes the soft spots on a fetus skill | fontanel |
| provide the term for a lateral curvature of the vertebral column | scoliosis |
| provide the alternate term for vertebra know as C1 | atlas |
| term for the caudal portion of the sternum, calcifies with age and can break during CPR | xiphoid process |
| portion of a vertebra that joins the spinous process to the transverse process | lamina |
| paired clavicles and scapulae are the _____ girdle | pectoral |
| condition in which a person as more digits on their hand | polydactyly |
| carpal bone that is most frquently broken, often by bracing oneself during fall | scaphoid |
| Provide the term for the socket of the ball and socket joint of the hip | acetabulum |
| CT wrapper around all living bones that enables growth in width and facilitates the healing process of a broken bone | periosteum |
| tubular space within the diaphysis of a long bone. This space contains yellow bone marrow | medullary cavity |
| cartilage caps that are located on the ends of bones that are involved in synovial joints where a moderate to high degree of movement is allowed | articular cartilage |
| specific tissue fills the spaces within spongy bone | red bone marrow |
| alternate term for osteon the functional unit of bone tissue | haversian system |
| communication by outstretched cytoplasmic processes that make contact between neighboring bone cells | canuliculi |
| bone matrix consists of collagenous fibers and a hydrated calcium phosphate substance ______ | hydroxyapetitc |
| vitamin is essential for proper absorption of calcium from food we eat as the food passes through the intestines | D |
| term for the sac like cushions that reduce frictions between tendons and ligaments as they stretch over bone | bursae |
| which bony structure becomes inflamed and swollen if a person develops osgood schlaters disease | tibial tuberosity |
| study of abnormal disseased tissues/structures | pathology |
| identify the protein that fills the dead cells in the upper most layer of our epidermis. gives a water proofing to the skin and helps resist abrasion | keratin |
| identify the embryonic germ layer that gives rise to the epidermis of our skin and nervous system | ectoderm |
| pigment producing cells of our epidermis | melanocytes |
| common term for decubitus ulcers | bed sores |
| most dangerous form of skin cancer due to this forms high propensity for metastasis | melanoma |
| term for connective tissue structures that attach one muscle to another muscle the linea alba is an example | aponenrosu |
| condition that develops if muscle tissue is growing faster that the surrounding deep fascia that surrounds the muscle can expand | compartment syndrome |
| symbol of medicine, typically portrayed as a wings staff with two serpents intertwined along the length of the staff | staff of hermes |
| Dorsal | posterior (dorsal fin) |
| farther from the mid line | distal |
| nape of the neck | nuchal...back of the neck greater and lesser nuchal lines |
| anatomical term refers to the groin region | inguinal |
| bony structures of the ethmoid bone | cristi galli, olfactory foramen, cribriform plate, middle turbinate, perpendicular plate |
| lacrimal glad resides in a depression termed the lacrimal fossa, what bone does this reside on | frontal bone |
| temporal bone consists of three portions | petrosal squamosal and mastoidal |
| part of the temporal bone that houses the structures of the middle and inner ear | petrosal |
| All sinuses have passages that connect between the sinus cavity and the nasal cavity t/f | True |
| secondary plate that seperates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity is composed of portions of ____ bones and developmentally forms _____ | palatine and maxillary |
| Vertebral formula | 7/12/5/5/4 |
| Herniated discs frequently occur in the ___ | lumbar region |
| Injury to shoulder such that the articulation between the clavicle and scapula is damaged is termed... | shoulder seperation |
| Carpal bones articulates with the metacarpal of the thumb in a manner such that apposition of the thumb to the palm is possible, enabling a grasping hand | trapezium |
| medical discipline that specializes exclusively with the foot and ankle | podiatric medicine |
| foot formula | 7/5/14 |
| type of bone comprises the epiphyseal plate | hyaline cartilage |
| bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue | ostoclasts |
| bone growth occurs on which side of the growth plate | diaphyseal side |
| synovial joint enables circumduction | ball and socket |
| articulation provides an example of gliding joint | capitate:hamate |
| articulation provides example of synchondrosis | ribs:sternum |
| diagnostic imaging modality uses sound waves as a means to visualize internal structures | sonography |
| tissue forms scar tissue | dense irregular connective tissue |
| multi layered epithelium with the upper most cells flattened is a form of | stratified squamous epithelium |
| Tissues that composes tendons and ligament | dense regular CT |
| Multi-cellular glands with ducts | exocrine |
| Multi- cellular glands without ducts | endocrine |
| Term refers to active connective tissue cells of the general CT types | fibroblasts |
| Type of cartilage is the toughest form and found in pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs | fibrocartilage |
| skin affliction is caused by fungus | ringworm |
| Allows visualization of structures without surgeruy | medical imaging |
| 2-D image on film | x-rays |
| high-frequency sounds waves emitted by hand held device | ultrasound (sonography) |
| What is displayed on a video monitor | sonogram |
| High energy magnetic field, pulse of radiowaves used to generate an image on video monitor | MRI |
| moving x-ray beam, image produced in cross section through body | computed tomography |
| radiopaque material injected into blood vessels, useful for scanning the thyroid | nuclear medicine technology |
| substance that emits positively charged particles is injected into body, negatively charged electrons in tissues releases gamma rays | positron emission tomography PET |
| Two body cavities | Thoracic, abdominopelvic |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | subdivided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
| Thoracic cavity | subdivided 2 pleural cavities and 1 pericardial cavity |
| Serous membranes that produce a watery lubricating fluid | Linings |
| Lines the thoracic cavity | pleura |
| Lines the abdominopelvic cavity | peritoneum |
| Covers the organs | visceral |
| Lines the inner body wall | parietal |
| Groups of cells having a common function | Tissues |
| The study of tissues | Histology |
| Study of diease and abnormal tissues | Pathology |
| Sample of living tissue for microscopic study | Biopsy |
| epidermis of skin, nervous system | ectoderm |
| tissue makes most structures | mesoderm |
| lining of digestive system and respiratory systems | endoderm |
| Tissue provides covering/lining on/in body (closely packed; tight junctions) | epithelial |
| Tissue that connects tissues/organs in the body | connective tissue |
| A contractile tissue | Muscle Tissue |
| Tissue that performs electrical communication | Nerve |
| Epithelial Classification: squamous | flat cells |
| Epithelial Classification: cuboidal | cube shaped cells |
| Epithelial Classification: columnar | tall narrow cells |
| Epithelial Classification: Transitional | multi layered cells having capacity to stretch or relax |
| Epithelial Classification: simple | single layer |
| Epithelial Classification: stratifies | two or more layers |
| Epithelial Classification: pseudostratified | single layer giving false impression of stratification |
| Ductless, produce/secret hormones that are transported by blood throughout body | endocrine |
| ducts, secretions transported to surface of epithelium via ducts | exocrine |
| Exocrine Glands : unicellular | single celled glands (goblet cells) |
| Exocrine Glands: Multicellular glands | Branched/unbranched ducts tubular or acinar (flask like) Bind |
| Characteristics of CT | Bind support strengthen insulate compartmentalize protect |
| Tough, wavy, non elastic linear | Collagenous fibers |
| elastic linear | Elastic Fibers |
| thin branches | Reticular Fibers |
| Loose Connective Tissues | has area of space |
| Dense regular CT | collagen fibers in parallel bundles, flexible but not stretchable |
| Dense Irregular CT | Collagen fibers are irregularly arranged, interwoven, resist tension from any direction |
| Scar Tissue | Dense irregular CT, fills space vacated by damaged tissue that does not replace itself |
| Reticular CT | Thin branched fibers that form a fiber network within certain organs, provide infrastructure |
| Elastic CT | Parallel bundles of elastic fibers form stretchable ligaments |
| Adipose tissue | Large vacuole filled with lipid |
| Hyaline Cartilage | has perichondrium for growth, no blood vessels or nerves |
| Elastic Cartilage | help maintain shape after deformations, has perichondrium |
| Fibrocartilage | does not have a perichondrium, strongest type of cartilage |
| Muscle tissue | Contractile |
| Skeletal Muscle | long cylinders, nuclei on outside, striated, voluntary |
| Cardiac Muscle | branched muscles, one central nuclei, involuntary striated |
| Smooth Muscle | spindle shaped cells, single central nuclei, involuntary |
| Nerve Tissue | made of Nerve Cells, and Neuroglial Cells |
| Nerve Cells (neurons) | conduct electrical impulses |
| Neuroglial cells | non conducting |
| Nerve structure: cell body | contains the nucleus and most of the organelles |
| Nerve structure: Dendrites | branched, receive stimuli |
| Nerve structure: Axon | long single process, transmission |
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ltay6
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