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APG Chapter 3 Fed
Federalism in the Lineberry book
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What two major changes have been seen in American Federalism in the past two centuries? | A gradual shift from dual federalism to cooperative federalism AND the rise of fiscal federalism |
What is the difference in the level of cooperation between Federal and State governments when comparing dual federalism to cooperative federalism? | In dual federalism there is less overlap in Federal and State policies whereas in cooperative federalism Federal and State policies often affect the same subjects |
Modern Federal involvement in highway construction and education are examples of this type of federalism. | Cooperative federalism |
What are the characteristics of cooperative federalism? | shared costs, federal guidelines, shared administration |
How does the Federal government have economic influence over the States? | grants |
What percentage of State funds is from Federal aid? | 25% |
What do we call using Federal dollars in one program to influence State and local policy in another program? | cross-over sanctions |
What is a way for the Federal government to regulate State spending without issuing edicts? | categorical grants |
Which President forcefully argued that States had the primary responsibility for governing in most areas? | Ronald Reagan |
When polled, what do most people believe should be responsible for education policy? | State government |
What was Congress trying to curtail by requiring antifraud specifications on birth certificates and driver's licenses? | illegal immigration |
In the 1990s, Republicans designated the Federal government as sole regulator of products like mutual funds and agricultural chemicals for this purpose. | Reduce government interference in the marketplace by having only one set of regulations |
How does a decentralized government affect us? | With more layers of government we have more opportunities for political participation - more points of access to affect policy |
How does Federalism enhance judicial power? | Because of conflicts between different government institutions an umpire is needed to resolve disputes. The courts serve as umpire. |
How does Federalism decentralize our policies? | It splits power between Federal and State governments and the issue becomes who controls what. example: railroads, child labor, minimum wages |
Why do States have direct responsibility for social and family policies? | The Constitution does not provide that power to the Federal government. |
How do social policy issues become influenced by Federal government? | Fiscal federalism and Court rulings |
The Civil War is seen as a struggle over slavery. What was the Civil War a struggle BETWEEN? | states |
What areas of policy require the Full Faith and Credit Clause to function properly? | social policy and economic policy |
What did the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education hold? | School segregation is unconstitutional |
Who usually has jurisdiction if a car is stolen or a murder committed? | This is usually a State matter unless the act involved Federal workers, Federal property, or involved crossing State lines |
What is required of a State if a fugitive from another State is in their custody? | extradiction |
What two constitutional principles did the Marshall Court set forth in McCulloch v. Maryland? | Supremacy of Federal Law and the Federal government has Implied Powers |
Who were the two lawyers arguing the McCulloch case? | Daniel Webster for the National Bank and Luther Martin for Maryland |
Which court case defined Congress' control of commerce broadly to include most forms of commerce? | Gibbons v. Ogden |
Which recent court cases did the Supreme Court limit the definition of commerce? | US v. Lopez, US v. Morrison, Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida |
What did Printz v. US and Mack v. US decide? | It ruled Brady Bill requirements for local police background checks unconstitutional |
What Texas law did Alfonso Lopez get charged for? | possession of firearms on school premises |
What Federal act did Alfonso Lopez violate? | Gun-Free School Zone Act of 1990 |
What court decision determined the Gun-Free School Zone Act of 1990 exceeded Congress' commerce powers? | US v. Lopez |
Why is it important to study American Federalism? | to understand the relationships between different levels of government |
What determines the bulk of welfare policy? | the States |
How did Federalism affect efforts to end racial discrimination? | It hindered civil rights progress |
What are some examples of State and Local government areas of responsibility? | education, elections, public health |
How many governments, including local governments, are there in the U.S.? | 87,576 |
What do we call the strings attached to Federal grants? | Federal Guidelines |
What is the term for the kind of administration in which State and local governments implement federal policies while having administrative powers of their own? | shared administration |
What was the purpose of welfare reform in the mid-1990s? | reduce poverty & spending while cutting benefits |
Mid-1990s immigration reform required State and local officials to do what? | meet Federal anti-fraud specifications for birth certificates and drivers licenses |
What are grants that are determined by population, income, rural/urban designation, and other characteristics? | formula grants |
What principle does the whole of federal grant distribution follow and what does it mean? | universalism means something for everyone |
What do mandates do? | They direct State and local governments to comply with federal rules or face penalties and/or loss of grant money |
What percentage of the Medicaid bill is paid by the national government? | between 50 and 83 percent |
Name at least 2 powers granted by the constitution to the state governments. | 1)Make local governments 2)Regulate commerce in state 3)Hold elections 4)Ratify Amendments to the federal Constitution 5)Take measures for public health, safety, & morals 6)Exert powers the Constitution does not delegate to the national government |
What 3 items were "supreme law of the land"? | 1)The Constitution 2)Laws of the National Government 3)Treaties |
What big issue does the 10th Amendment resolve? | Boundaries/Distributions of Powers (Gives states power but never more than the government) |
Out of the Federal government and the states who did the Constitution favor? | The Federal Government |
What modern features of interstate commerce did not exist when the Constitution was written? | Radio signals, electricity, telephone messages, internet |
Which Constitutional clause allows birth certificates to be valid in all states? | full faith and credit clause |
What type of Federalism did Reagan fight for? | dual federalism or marble cake federalism |
In Reagan's inaugural address, Reagan argued States had this kind of responsibility for governing in most areas of policy. | primary responsibility |
What are 3 powers granted Fedeal government in the Constitution? | coin money, tax, conduct foreign relations, borrow money, regulate interstate commerce, establish federal courts, provide an army and navy |
What are 3 powers denied in the Constitution? | import/export taxes between states, change state boundaries without consent, grant titles of nobility |
The McCulloch v. Maryland case settled the dispute concerning what? | Immplied and Enumerated Powers |
What two conditions must Congress meet according to the Elastic Clause in order to pass laws? | The laws must be "necessary and proper" as defined in Article I, Section 8 |
Supreme Court gave Congress power to regulate interstate trade (Gibbons v. Ogden) encompassing every form of commercial activity with the ecxception of... | Local Commercial Activity |
What year did the Court "reverse" itself and cease trying to restrict the National Government's efforts to reglate commerce at any level? | 1937 |
Who's the most awesome teacher ever? | Mr. McNair :D |