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BIO202-CH22-Breathin
BIO202 - Ch 22 - Breathing - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intrapleural pressure (Pip) | Pressure in pleural cavity - always 4mm Hg less than (negative relative to) intrapulmonary pressure (intra-alveolar). |
| Respiratory pressures are descrbed relative to __. | atmospheric pressure (Patm) - exterted by air surrounding body. |
| At sea level, Patm = __ | 760 mm Hg = 1 atm |
| What 2 forces act to pull lungs away from thorax wall & cause lung collapse? | Lungs' elasticity & surface tension of alveolar fluid. |
| If Pip equalized w/atmospheric pressure __. | immediate lung collapse is the result. |
| Transpulmonary pressure | Ppul - Pip |
| The greater the __ pressure, the larger the lungs. | transpulmonary |
| Atelectasis | Lung collapse - occurs when bronchiole becomes plugged - also when air enters pleural cavity. |
| P1V1-P2V2 | Boyle's law |
| Usual volume of air that enters lungs during normal inspiration. | 500ml |
| Anytime intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) is less than atmospheric (Ppul <Patm), ____. | air rushes into lungs |
| Which muscles produce forced expiration? | Ab oblique & transversus & internal intercostals. |
| The major nonelastic source of resistance to gas flow is __. | friction (drag) encountered in respiratory passageways. |
| As thoracic volume increases, pulmonary pressure & intrapleural pressure __. | decrease |
| The average pressure gradient during normal, quiet breathing is __ or less. | 2 mm Hg |
| The greatest resistance to gas flow in lungs is __. | in the medium-sized bronchi |
| At the __ gas flow stops & diffusion takes over, so no air resistance. | terminal bronchioles |
| Inhaled irritant activate constriction of the bronchioles due to the __ NS. | parasympathetic |
| Surfacant | detergent-like comlex of lipids & proteins produced by type II alveolar cells - decreases the cohesiveness of water molecules. |
| IRDS - Infant respiratory distress syndrome. | In babies, born & not able to keep their alveoli inflated between breaths. |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | Chronic lung disease - caused by inflammatory injury to respiratory zone structures due to respirator. |
| lung compliance | How much change in lung volvume (^Vl) during breath - how stretchy lung tissue is. |
| The more a lung expands, the greater its __. | lung compliance |
| Healthy people have __ lung compliance. | high |
| pneumothorax | "Collapsed lung" - air enters the pleural cavity - The cavity is normally below atmospheric pressure. |
| The pleural cavity is normally __ atmospheric pressure. | below |
| Tidal volume (TV) | Volume of air, about 500 ML (2 cups) that enters or leaves lungs in normal breath. |
| Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | When forcibly inhaling - 2100 - 3200 ml of air. |
| expiratory reserve volume (ERV) | When forcibly exhaling 1000 - 1200 ml of air. |
| Vital capacity (VC) | Max volume of air moved in 1 cycle - 4800 man, 3800 woman |
| residual volume (RV) | air left over in lungs after exhalation - about 1200 ml |
| "External" phase of respiration | Move oxygen from alveoli into blood & CO2 in the opposite direction. |
| "Internal" phase of respiration | Oxygen moves from the blood into tissues, & CO2 moves from tissues & into blood |
| Alveoli's respriatory membrane | The wall is single layer of epithelial cells - lung capillaries hug them, this basement membrane - gas exhanges easily |
| The 4 respiratory volumes | Tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, & residual |
| Total lung capacity (TLC) | around 6,000 ml |
| Spirometer | Clinical measuring device for respiratory function |
| Minute ventilation | Amount of gas that flows in or out of lungs in 1 minute - 6 L/min - exercise = 200 L/min |
| Nitrogen makes up __% of air & oxygen __% | 79%, 21% |
| Dalton's Law of partial pressures | Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases |
| Henry's Law | Gases dissolve in liquid in proportion to its partial pressure |
| __ is the most soluble gas in air. | CO2 |
| Hyperbaric oxygen chambers is clinical application of __ law. | Henry's |
| Too much O2 above 2-3 atm causes __. | coma & death - oxygen toxicity |
Created by:
Ladystorm
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