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AP ch 5 Integument
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| integument | skin |
| skin is what percent of total body weight? | 16% |
| 2 components of integumentary system | 1. cutaneous membrane (skin) 2. accessory structures (hair, nails, glands) |
| hypodermis | deep to dermis, consists of adipose and areolar tissue (subcutaneous layer) |
| functions of skin & hypodermis | protection of underlying tissue, excretion of salt/waste, maintain body temp, produce melanin, produce keratin, synthesize vit D3, storage of lipids, detection of touch/pressure |
| which layer of skin is avascular and receives nutrients through diffusion from other layers? | epidermis is avascular and gets nutrients through diffusion from dermis. |
| melanin protects from? | UV radiation (sunlight) |
| keratin | protein that makes skin resistant to abrasion and water. Hair and nails are made of keratin. |
| thin skin | four layers, covers entire body except palms and soles of feet. |
| thick skin | five layers, covers soles of feet and palms of hands |
| stratum | latin for "layer" |
| layers of epidermis from superficial to deepest | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, basement membrane, dermis |
| stratum basale | innermost layer of epidermis that attaches to basement membrane between dermis and epidermis |
| basal cells | stem cells that divide and replace the more superficial keratinocytes in the superior layers of the epidermis |
| stratum basale is mostly made of what type of cells? | basal cells (epidermal skin cells) |
| stratum spinosum | the 2nd layer of the epidermis (from the bottom). daughter cells from the basal cells of the stratum basale are pushed up into the stratum spinosum |
| stratum granulosum | third layer of epidermis (from the bottom). cells in this layer have stopped dividing and produce lots of keratin. |
| stratum lucidum | the extra layer of epidermis that exists only in thick skin of palms and soles of feet. not present in thin skin. |
| stratum corneum | exposed surface layer of all epidermis. cells are keratinized (dry and dead with keratin) |
| insensible perspiration | water loss from interstitial fluids slowly moving to epidermal surface (stratum corneum) and evaporating. accounts for ~500 mL of fluid loss/day |
| sensible perspiration | perspiration that you can feel, produced by sweat glands |
| epidermal reaction to a freshwater bath | freshwater is hypotonic to skin so water moves into epidermal cells causing them to swell. |
| epidermal reaction to salt water | saltwater is hypotonic so water shifts out of the body's cells causing dehydration |
| two pigments found in epidermis | carotine, melanin |
| carotene | orange/yellow pigment in epidermal cells that comes from orange vegetables in diet |
| melanin | brown pigment produced by melanocytes located in the stratum basale (deepest epidermal layer). protects from UV radiation in sunlight. |
| hemoglobin | pigment in red blood cells that binds and transports Oxygen |
| cholecalciferol | a cholesterol based steroid that that the stratum basale (deepest epidermis) produces when exposed to sunlight (aka Vit D3). its needed to absorb calcium. |
| vitamin | essential organic nutrient that must be obtained from diet b/c the body cant synthesize it. |
| rickets | vit D3 (cholecalciferol) deficiency in children that leads to weak, flexible bones. |
| dermis | lies between epidermis and hypodermis |
| epidermis | top layer of integument |
| two layers of dermis | 1. papillary (superficial, areolar tissue, capillaries, lymph, nerves) 2. reticular (deep, interwoven mesh of dense irregular connective tissue with collagen & elastic fibers) |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin. primarily involves papillary layer of dermis. can be painful or itchy (poison ivy) |
| Dermal strength and elasticity comes from... | collagen (strength) and elastic fibers (flexibility) found in the reticular (deep) layer |
| skin turgor | flexibility and resilience provided by water content of the skin. Skin loses resilience with dehydration |
| cleavage lines | fibers of the dermis run in parallel bundles that resist forces of normal movement. a cut parallel to these lines heals well, cut perpendicular scars badly |
| hypodermis | not technically part of integument system. layer of areolar and adipose tissue deep to dermis that stabilizes skin but allows for independent mvmt from underlying tissues |
| subcutaneous injection | injection into hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) |
| root hair plexus | nerve that innervates each hair follicle allowing you to feel movement of a single hair |
| arrector pili | smooth muscle that contracts pulling on the hair follicle making the hair stand up. |
| hair root | anchors hair to skin |
| hair shaft | part of the hair that extends beyond the surface of the skin |
| avg healthy adult loses approx __ hairs per day? | 100 |
| sebaceous gland | oil glands. discharge oily lipid secretion (sebum) into hair follicles |
| sebum | the oily lipid secretion discharged by sebaceous glands |
| sebaceous follicle | large sebaceous glands. not associated with hair follicles. discharge sebum directly onto skin surface. |
| sudoriferous gland | sweat gland |
| two types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands | 1. apocrine sweat gland- secretes into hair follicle (pubes, armpits, nipples) 2. merocrine sweat gland- secrete onto skin surface |
| ceruminous glands | modified sweat glands in the ear canal whose secretions mix with sebacious gland secretions producing cerumen (ear wax) |
| cerumin | ear wax |
| nail body | visible portion of the finger/toe nail |
| nail bed | epidermis protected by nail body |
| nail root | where nail growth occurs. extends under skin, almost to finger bone. |
| eponychium | cuticle of nail |
| fibrin | fibrous protein that forms in blood creating a clot |
| granulation tissue | blood clot, fibroblasts and capillary network during tissue healing |
| scar tissue | inflexible, fibrous, non-cellular tissue that forms after an inury |
| keloid | thick, raised area of scar tissue |
Created by:
ed8198
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