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bio 1-20
Question | Answer |
---|---|
aden, adeno | gland, adeniform, resembling a gland in shape |
adren | toward the kidney adrenal gland, adjacent to the kidney |
af | towards afferent neurons, which carry impulse to the central nerbous system |
alb | white corpus albicans of the ovary, a white scar tissue |
aliment | nourish alimentary canal, or digestive tract |
amphi | on both side , of body kinds amphibian, and organism capable of living in H20, on land |
angi | vessels anglitis, inflamation of a lymph vessel or blood vessels |
capill | - hair blood & lymph capillaries |
capill- | hair blood & lymph capillaries |
caput- | head decapitate, remove the head |
carcin- | cancer carcinogen, a cancer-causing agent |
cardi, cardio- | heart cardiotoxic, harmful to the heart |
cata- | down catabolism, chemical breakdown |
caud- | tail caudal (directional term) |
cephal- | head cephalometer, an instrument for measuring the head |
cerebro- | brain, especially the cerebrum cerebrospinal, pertaining to the brain & spinal cord |
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 | relax for a few min!!!! |
cervic-, | cervix neck cervix of the uterus |
chiasm- | crossing optic chiasma, where optic nerves cross |
chole- | bile cholesterol; cholecystokinin, a bile-secreting hormone |
chondr- | cartilage chondrogenic, giving rise to cartilage |
circum- | around circumnuclear, surrounding the nucleus |
cochlea | snail shell the cochlea of the inner ear, which is coiled like a snail shell |
contra- | against contraceptive, agent preventing conception |
cutic- | skin cuticle of the nail |
cyan- | blue cyanosis, blue color of the skin due to lack of O2 |
cyst- | sac, bladder cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder |
derm- | skin dermis, deep layer of the skin |
dia- | through, between diaphragm, the wall through or between two areas |
dialys- | separate, break apart kidney dialysis, in which waste products are removed from the blood |
diastol- | stand apart cardiac diastole, between successive contractions of the heart |
diure- | urinate diuretic, a drug that increases urine output |
45. duc-, | duct lead, draw ductus deferens which carries sperm from the epididymus into the urethra during ejaculation |
46. ectop- | displaced ectopic pregnancy; ectopic focus for initiation of heart |
contraction | |
47. edem- swelling edema, accumulation of H2O in body tissues | |
48. ef- away efferent nerve fibers, which carry impulses away from the | |
central nervous system | |
49. ejac- to shoot forth ejaculation of semen | |
50. embol- wedge embolus, an obstructive object traveling in the bloodstream | |
51. enceph- brain encephalitis, inflammation of the brain | |
52. endo- within, inner endocytosis, taking particles into a cell | |
53. entero- intestine enterologist, one who specializes in the study of | |
intestinal disorders | |
54. epi- over, above epidermis, outer layer of skin | |
55. erythr- red erythema, redness of the skin; erythrocyte, red blood cell | |
56. eu- well euesthesia, a normal state of the senses | |
57. excret separate excretory system | |
58. ferr- iron transferrin, ferritin, both iron-storage proteins | |
59. folli- bag, bellows hair follicle | |
60. foram- opening foramen magnum of the skull | |
61. gam-, gamet- married, spouse gametes, the sex cells | |
62. gastr- stomach gastrin, a hormone that influences gastric acid secretion | |
63. glauc- gray glaucoma, which causes gradual blindness | |
64. glom- ball glomeruli, clusters of capillaries in the kidneys | |
65. glosso- tongue glossopathy, any disease of the tongue | |
66. gluco-, glyco- sugar. gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from | |
noncarbohydrate molecules | |
67. gon-, gono- seed, offspring gonads, the sex organs | |
68. gust- taste gustatory sense, the sense of taste | |
69. hema-, hemato-, hemo- blood hematocyst, a cyst containing blood | |
70. hemi- half hemiglossal, pertaining to one-half of the tongue | |
71. hepat- liver hepatitis, inflammation of the liver | |
72. hetero- different or other heterosexuality, sexual desire for a person of the | |
opposite sex | |
73. hist- tissue histology, the study of tissues | |
74. holo- whole holocrine glands, whose secretions are whole cells | |
75. humor- a fluid humoral immunity, which involves antibodies circulating | |
in the blood | |
76. hyal- clear hyaline cartilage, which has no visible fibers | |
77. hydr-, hydro- H2O dehydration, loss of body H2O | |
78. hyster-, hystero- | uterus or womb hysterectomy, removal of the uterus; |
hysterodynia, | pain in the womb |
79. ile- | intestine ileum, the last portion of the small intestine |
80. im- | not impermeable, not permitting passage, not permeable |
81. inter- | between intercellular, between the cells |
82. intercal- | insert intercalated discs, the end membranes between adjacent cardiac muscle cells |
83. intra- | within, inside intracellular, inside the cell. |
84. juxta- | near, close to juxtaglomerular apparatus, a cell cluster next to the glomeruli in the kidneys |
85. karyo- | kernal nucleus karyotype, the assemblage of the nuclear chromosomes |
86. kilo- | thousand kilocalories, equivalent to 1000 calories |
87. leuko- | white leukocyte, white blood cell |
88. lingua- | tongue lingual tonsil, adjacent to the tongue |
89. lip-, lipo- | fat, lipid lipophage, a cell that has taken up fat in its cytoplasm |
90. lith- | stone cholelithiasis, gallstones |
91. lumen light lumen, | center of a hollow structure |
92. lut- | yellow corpus luteum, a yellow, hormone-secreting structure in the ovary |
93. lymph H2O lymphatic circulation, | return of clear fluid to the bloodstream |
94. mal- | bad, abnormal malfunction, abnormal functioning of an organ |
95. mamm- | breast mammary gland, breast |
96. mast- | breast mastectomy, removal of a mammary gland |
97. mater mother dura mater, pia mater, | membranes that envelop the brain |
98. medi- | middle medial (directional term) |
99. medull- | marrow medulla, the middle portion of the kidney, adrenal gland, & lymph node |
100. meio- | less meiosis, nuclear division that halves the chromosome |
101. melan- | black melanocytes, which secrete the black pigment melanin |
102. meningo- | membrane meningitis, inflammation of the membranes of the brain |
103. meso- | middle mesoderm, middle germ layer |
104. meta- | beyond, between transition metatarsus, the part of the foot between the tarsus & the phalanges |
105. metro- | uterus metroscope, instrument for examining the uterus |
106. mictur- | urinate micturition, the act of voiding the bladder |
107. mito- | thread, filament mitochondria, small, filament structures located in cells |
108. mnem- | memory amnesia |
109. morpho- | form morphology, the study of form & structure of organisms |
110. muta- | change mutation, change in the base sequence of DNA |
111. narco- | numbness narcotic, a drug producing stupor or numbed sensations |
112. natri- | sodium atrial natriuretic factor, a sodium-regulating hormone |
113. necro- | death necrosis, tissue death |
114. neo- | new neoplasm, an abnormal growth |
115. nephro- | kidney nephritis, inflammation of the kidney |
116. neuro- | nerve neurophysiology, the physiology of the nervous system |
117. noci- | harmful nociceptors, receptors for pain |
118. noto- | back notochord, the embryonic structure that precedes the vertebral column |
119. nutri- | feed, nourish nutrition |
120. ob- | before, against obstruction, impeding or blocking up |
121. oculo- | eye monocular, pertaining to one eye |
122. olfact- | smell olfactory nerves |
123. onco- | a mass oncology, study of cancer |
124. oo- | egg oocyte, precursor of female gamete |
125. ophthalmo- | eye ophthalmology, the study of the eyes & related diseases |
126. orb- | circular orbicularis oculi, muscle that encircles the eye |
127. orchi- | testis cryptorchidism, failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum |
128. osmo- | pushing osmosis |
129. osteo- | bone osteodermia, bony formations in the skin |
130. oto- | ear otoscope, a device for examining the ear |
131. ov-, ovi- | egg ovum, oviduct |
132. oxy- | oxygen oxygenation, the saturation of a substance with oxygen |
133. papill- | nipple dermal papillae, projections of the dermis into the epidermal area |
134. para- | beside, near paraphrenitis, inflammation of tissues adjacent to the diaphragm |
135. pect-, pectus | breast pectoralis major, a large chest muscle |
136. peni- | a tail penis; penile urethra |
137. pent- | five pentose, a 5-carbon sugar |
138. pep-, peps-, pept- | digest pepsin, a digestive enzyme of the stomach; peptic ulcer |
139. peri- | around perianal, situated around the anus |
140. phleb- | vein phlebitis, inflammation of the veins |
141. pneumo air, | wind pneumothorax, air in the thoracic cavity |
142. pod- | foot podiatry, the treatment of foot disorders |
143. pre-, pro- | before, ahead of prenatal, before birth |
144. procto- | rectum, anus proctoscope, an instrument for examining the rectum |
145. pseudo- | false pseudotumor, a false tumor |
146. pulmo- | lung pulmonary artery, which brings blood to the lungs |
147. re- | back, again reinfect |
148. rect- | straight rectus abdominis, rectum |
149. ren- | kidney renal, renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidney |
150. retin, retic- | net, network endoplasmic reticulum, a network of membranous sacs within a cell |
151. rheum- | watery flow, change, or flux rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever |
152. rhin-, rhino- | nose rhinitis, inflammation of the nose |
153. ruga- | fold, wrinkle rugae, the folds of the stomach, gallbladder, & urinary bladder |
154. salta- | leap saltatory conduction, the rapid conduction of impulses along myelinated neurons |
155. sarco- | flesh sarcomere, unit of contraction in skeletal muscle |
156. semen seed, sperm semen, | the discharge of the male reproductive system |
157. semi- | half semicircular, having the form of half a circle |
158. septum fence nasal septum | |
159. sero- | serum serological tests, which assess blood conditions |
160. soma- | body somatic nervous system |
161. sub- | beneath, under sublingual, beneath the tongue |
162. sucr- | sweet sucrose, table sugar |
163. super- | above, upon superior, quality or state of being above others or a part |
164. supra- | above, upon supracondylar, above a condyle |
165. sym-, syn- | together, with synapse, the region of communication between two neurons |
166. synerg- | work together synergism |
167. systol- | contraction systole, contraction of the heart |
168. tachy- | rapid tachycardia, abnormally rapid heartbeat |
169. tact- | touch tactile sense |
170. telo- | the end telophase, the end of mitosis |
171. therm- | heat thermometer, an instrument used to measure heat |
172. thromb- | clot thermbocyte; thrombus |
173. tono- | tension tonicity; hypertonic |
174. tox- | poison antitoxic, effective against poison |
175. trop- | turn, change tropic hormones, whose targets are endocrine glands |
176. troph- | nourish trophoblast, from which develops the fetal portion of the placenta |
177. vitre- | glass vitreous humor, the clear jelly of the eye |
178. viv- | live in vivo |
179. zyg- | a yoke, twin zygote |
180. -ac | referring to cardiac, referring to the heart |
181. -clast | break osteoclast, a cell which dissolves bone matrix |
182. -ectomy | cutting out, surgical removal appendectomy, cutting out of the appendix |
183. -graph | an instrument used for recording data or writing electrocardiograph, an electrocardiogram |
184. -ism | condition hyperthyroidism |
185. -itis | inflammation gastritis, inflammation of the stomach |
186. -lemma | sheath, husk sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a muscle cell |
187. -malacia | soft osteomalacis, a process leading to bone softening |
188. -oma | tumor lymphoma, a tumor of the lymphatic tissues |
189. -pathy | disease osteopathy, any disease of the bone |
190. -phil, -philo | like, love hydrophilic, H2O-attracting molecules |
191. -phobia | fear acrophobia, fear of heights |
192. -phragm | partition diaphragm, which separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities |
193. -plegia | paralysis paraplegia, paralysis of the lower half of the body orlimbs |
194. -rrhea | flow or discharge diarrhea, abnormal emptying of the bowels |
195. -scope | instrument used for examination stethoscope, instrument used to listen to sounds of parts of the body |
196. -some body chromosome | |
197. -stalsis | compression peristalsis, muscular contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
198. -stasis | arrest, fixation hemostasis, arrest of bleeding |
199. -stitia | come to stand interstitial fluid, between the cells |
-tomy | to cut appendectomy, surgical removal of the appendix |
-ty | condition of, state immunity, condition of being resistant to infection or disease |
202. -uria urine polyuria, passage of an excessive amount of urine | |
capill- | hair blood & lymph capillaries |
caput- | head decapitate, remove the head |
carcin- | cancer carcinogen, a cancer-causing agent |
cardi, cardio- | heart cardiotoxic, harmful to the heart |
cata- | down catabolism, chemical breakdown |
caud- | tail caudal (directional term) |
cephal- | head cephalometer, an instrument for measuring the head |
cerebro- | brain, especially the cerebrum cerebrospinal, pertaining to the brain & spinal cord |
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 | relax for a few min!!!! |
cervic-, | cervix neck cervix of the uterus |
chiasm- | crossing optic chiasma, where optic nerves cross |
chole- | bile cholesterol; cholecystokinin, a bile-secreting hormone |
chondr- | cartilage chondrogenic, giving rise to cartilage |
circum- | around circumnuclear, surrounding the nucleus |
cochlea | snail shell the cochlea of the inner ear, which is coiled like a snail shell |
contra- | against contraceptive, agent preventing conception |
cutic- | skin cuticle of the nail |
cyan- | blue cyanosis, blue color of the skin due to lack of O2 |
cyst- | sac, bladder cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder |
derm- | skin dermis, deep layer of the skin |
dia- | through, between diaphragm, the wall through or between two areas |
dialys- | separate, break apart kidney dialysis, in which waste products are removed from the blood |
diastol- | stand apart cardiac diastole, between successive contractions of the heart |
diure- | urinate diuretic, a drug that increases urine output |
45. duc-, duct lead, draw ductus deferens which carries sperm from the | |
epididymus into the urethra during ejaculation | |
46. ectop- displaced ectopic pregnancy; ectopic focus for initiation of heart | |
contraction | |
47. edem- swelling edema, accumulation of H2O in body tissues | |
48. ef- away efferent nerve fibers, which carry impulses away from the | |
central nervous system | |
49. ejac- to shoot forth ejaculation of semen | |
50. embol- wedge embolus, an obstructive object traveling in the bloodstream | |
51. enceph- brain encephalitis, inflammation of the brain | |
52. endo- within, inner endocytosis, taking particles into a cell | |
53. entero- intestine enterologist, one who specializes in the study of | |
intestinal disorders | |
54. epi- over, above epidermis, outer layer of skin | |
55. erythr- red erythema, redness of the skin; erythrocyte, red blood cell | |
56. eu- well euesthesia, a normal state of the senses | |
57. excret separate excretory system | |
58. ferr- iron transferrin, ferritin, both iron-storage proteins | |
59. folli- bag, bellows hair follicle | |
60. foram- opening foramen magnum of the skull | |
61. gam-, gamet- married, spouse gametes, the sex cells | |
62. gastr- stomach gastrin, a hormone that influences gastric acid secretion | |
63. glauc- gray glaucoma, which causes gradual blindness | |
64. glom- ball glomeruli, clusters of capillaries in the kidneys | |
65. glosso- tongue glossopathy, any disease of the tongue | |
66. gluco-, glyco- sugar. gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from | |
noncarbohydrate molecules | |
67. gon-, gono- | seed, offspring gonads, the sex organs |
68. gust- | taste gustatory sense, the sense of taste |
69. hema-, hemato-, hemo- | - blood hematocyst, a cyst containing blood |
70. hemi- | half hemiglossal, pertaining to one-half of the tongue |
71. hepat- | liver hepatitis, inflammation of the liver |
72. hetero- | different or other heterosexuality, sexual desire for a person of the opposite sex |
73. hist- | tissue histology, the study of tissues |
74. holo- | whole holocrine glands, whose secretions are whole cells |
75. humor- | - a fluid humoral immunity, which involves antibodies circulating in the blood |
76. hyal- | clear hyaline cartilage, which has no visible fibers |
77. hydr-, hydro- | H2O dehydration, loss of body H2O |
78. hyster-, hystero- | uterus or womb hysterectomy, removal of the uterus;hysterodynia, pain in the womb |
79. ile- | intestine ileum, the last portion of the small intestine |
80. im- | not impermeable, not permitting passage, not permeable |
81. inter- | between intercellular, between the cells |
82. intercal- | insert intercalated discs, the end membranes between adjacent cardiac muscle cells |
83. intra- | within, inside intracellular, inside the cell. |
84. juxta- | near, close to juxtaglomerular apparatus, a cell cluster next to the glomeruli in the kidneys |
85. karyo- | kernal nucleus karyotype, the assemblage of the nuclear chromosomes |
86. kilo- | thousand kilocalories, equivalent to 1000 calories |
87. leuko- | white leukocyte, white blood cell |
88. lingua- | tongue lingual tonsil, adjacent to the tongue |
89. lip-, lipo- | fat, lipid lipophage, a cell that has taken up fat in its cytoplasm |
90. lith- | stone cholelithiasis, gallstones |
91. lumen light lumen, | center of a hollow structure |
92. lut- | yellow corpus luteum, a yellow, hormone-secreting structure in the ovary |
93. lymph H2O lymphatic circulation, return of clear fluid to the bloodstream | |
94. mal- | bad, abnormal malfunction, abnormal functioning of an organ |
95. mamm- | breast mammary gland, breast |
96. mast- | breast mastectomy, removal of a mammary gland |
97. mater mother dura mater, pia mater, membranes that envelop the brain | |
98. medi- | middle medial (directional term) |
99. medull- | marrow medulla, the middle portion of the kidney, adrenal gland, & lymph node |
100. meio- | less meiosis, nuclear division that halves the chromosome |
101. melan- | black melanocytes, which secrete the black pigment melanin |
102. meningo- | membrane meningitis, inflammation of the membranes of the brain |
103. meso- | middle mesoderm, middle germ layer |
104. meta- | beyond, between transition metatarsus, the part of the foot between the tarsus & the phalanges |
105. metro- | uterus metroscope, instrument for examining the uterus |
106. mictur- | urinate micturition, the act of voiding the bladder |
107. mito- | thread, filament mitochondria, small, filament structures located in cells |
108. mnem- | memory amnesia |
109. morpho- | form morphology, the study of form & structure of organisms |
110. muta- | change mutation, change in the base sequence of DNA |
111. narco- | numbness narcotic, a drug producing stupor or numbed sensations |
112. natri- | sodium atrial natriuretic factor, a sodium-regulating hormone |
113. necro- | death necrosis, tissue death |
114. neo- | new neoplasm, an abnormal growth |
115. nephro- | kidney nephritis, inflammation of the kidney |
116. neuro- | nerve neurophysiology, the physiology of the nervous system |
117. noci- | harmful nociceptors, receptors for pain |
118. noto- | back notochord, the embryonic structure that precedes the vertebral column |
119. nutri- | feed, nourish nutrition |
120. ob- | before, against obstruction, impeding or blocking up |
121. oculo- | eye monocular, pertaining to one eye |
122. olfact- | smell olfactory nerves |
123. onco- | a mass oncology, study of cancer |
124. oo- | egg oocyte, precursor of female gamete |
125. ophthalmo- | eye ophthalmology, the study of the eyes & related diseases |
126. orb- | circular orbicularis oculi, muscle that encircles the eye |
127. orchi- | testis cryptorchidism, failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum |
128. osmo- | pushing osmosis |
129. osteo- | bone osteodermia, bony formations in the skin |
130. oto- | ear otoscope, a device for examining the ear |
131. ov-, ovi- | egg ovum, oviduct |
132. oxy- | oxygen oxygenation, the saturation of a substance with oxygen |
133. papill- | nipple dermal papillae, projections of the dermis into the epidermal area |
134. para- | beside, near paraphrenitis, inflammation of tissues adjacent to the diaphragm |
135. pect-, pectus | breast pectoralis major, a large chest muscle |
136. peni- | a tail penis; penile urethra |
137. pent- | five pentose, a 5-carbon sugar |
138. pep-, peps-, pept- | digest pepsin, a digestive enzyme of the stomach; peptic ulcer |
139. peri- | around perianal, situated around the anus |
140. phleb- | vein phlebitis, inflammation of the veins |
141. pneumo air, | wind pneumothorax, air in the thoracic cavity |
142. pod- | foot podiatry, the treatment of foot disorders |
143. pre-, pro- | before, ahead of prenatal, before birth |
144. procto- | rectum, anus proctoscope, an instrument for examining the rectum |
145. pseudo- | false pseudotumor, a false tumor |
146. pulmo- | lung pulmonary artery, which brings blood to the lungs |
147. re- | back, again reinfect |
148. rect- | straight rectus abdominis, rectum |
149. ren- | kidney renal, renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidney |
150. retin, retic- | net, network endoplasmic reticulum, a network of membranous sacs within a cell |
151. rheum- | watery flow, change, or flux rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever |
152. rhin-, rhino- | nose rhinitis, inflammation of the nose |
153. ruga- | fold, wrinkle rugae, the folds of the stomach, gallbladder, & urinary bladder |
154. salta- | leap saltatory conduction, the rapid conduction of impulses along myelinated neurons |
155. sarco- | flesh sarcomere, unit of contraction in skeletal muscle |
156. semen seed, sperm semen, | the discharge of the male reproductive system |
157. semi- | half semicircular, having the form of half a circle |
158. septum fence nasal septum | |
159. sero- | serum serological tests, which assess blood conditions |
160. soma- | body somatic nervous system |
161. sub- | beneath, under sublingual, beneath the tongue |
162. sucr- | sweet sucrose, table sugar |
163. super- | above, upon superior, quality or state of being above others or a part |
164. supra- | above, upon supracondylar, above a condyle |
165. sym-, syn- | together, with synapse, the region of communication between two neurons |
166. synerg- | work together synergism |
167. systol- | contraction systole, contraction of the heart |
168. tachy- | rapid tachycardia, abnormally rapid heartbeat |
169. tact- | touch tactile sense |
170. telo- | the end telophase, the end of mitosis |
171. therm- | heat thermometer, an instrument used to measure heat |
172. thromb- | clot thermbocyte; thrombus |
173. tono- | tension tonicity; hypertonic |
174. tox- | poison antitoxic, effective against poison |
175. trop- | turn, change tropic hormones, whose targets are endocrine glands |
176. troph- | nourish trophoblast, from which develops the fetal portion of the placenta |
177. vitre- | glass vitreous humor, the clear jelly of the eye |
178. viv- | live in vivo |
179. zyg- | a yoke, twin zygote |
180. -ac | referring to cardiac, referring to the heart |
181. -clast | break osteoclast, a cell which dissolves bone matrix |
182. -ectomy | cutting out, surgical removal appendectomy, cutting out of the appendix |
183. -graph | an instrument used for recording data or writing electrocardiograph, an electrocardiogram |
184. -ism | condition hyperthyroidism |
185. -itis | inflammation gastritis, inflammation of the stomach |
186. -lemma | sheath, husk sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a muscle cell |
187. -malacia | soft osteomalacis, a process leading to bone softening |
188. -oma | tumor lymphoma, a tumor of the lymphatic tissues |
189. -pathy | disease osteopathy, any disease of the bone |
190. -phil, -philo | like, love hydrophilic, H2O-attracting molecules |
191. -phobia | fear acrophobia, fear of heights |
192. -phragm | partition diaphragm, which separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities |
193. -plegia | paralysis paraplegia, paralysis of the lower half of the body orlimbs |
194. -rrhea | flow or discharge diarrhea, abnormal emptying of the bowels |
195. -scope | instrument used for examination stethoscope, instrument used to listen to sounds of parts of the body |
196. -some body chromosome | |
197. -stalsis | compression peristalsis, muscular contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
198. -stasis | arrest, fixation hemostasis, arrest of bleeding |
199. -stitia | come to stand interstitial fluid, between the cells |
-tomy | to cut appendectomy, surgical removal of the appendix |
-ty | condition of, state immunity, condition of being resistant to infection or disease |
202. -uria urine polyuria, passage of an excessive amount of urine | |
bucco | cheek buccolabial, pertaining to the cheek & lip |