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Endocrine System C
Mblex Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream | Endocrine Glands |
| Gland that secretes hormones through ducts directly into specific areas. | Exocrine Glands |
| The amount of time required for half of a hormone to be eliminated from the bloodstream | Half-Life |
| The excessive release of a hormone | Hypersecretion |
| The insufficient release of a hormone | Hyposecretion |
| A control mechanism that provides a stimulus to decrease a function; such as a fire alarm, which causes a series of reactions that work to reduce the fire | Negative Feedback System |
| Hormones produced by the endocrine glands that affect other endocrine glands. | Tropic (trophic) hormones |
| The system of the body involved primarily with physiological function (defenses against stressors, maintenance of electrolytes, water & nutrient balance of the blood, and regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance | Endocrine System |
| What are the endocrine glands of the body? | Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes |
| What are hormones derived from? | Amino acids & steroids |
| Where is the Pituitary Gland located? | In the head about eye level and hang down from the hypothalamus and sits in the sella turcica |
| A gland of the Endocrine system that secretes hormones that regulate growth, fluid balance, lactation, and childbirth | Pituitary Gland |
| An Anterior Pit. Hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide with the major target organs being the bones and muscles. Also releases stored fat and raises blood glucose to provide us with energy. Released during exercise. | Growth Hormone or Somatotropin |
| Ant. Pituitary Hormone that promotes & maintains the growth & development of the thyroid gland & controls the release of thyroid hormones in a negative feedback system. | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
| Ant. Pituitary Hormone that promotes & maintains normal growth & development of the adrenal cortex by stimulating the release of glucocorticoids & androgens (testosterone). | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| Ant. Pituitary Hormone that stimulates the growth & maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain eggs, also stimulates the secretion of estrogen, & sperm production in the male. | Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
| Ant. Pituitary Hormone that causes ovulation, stimulates progesterone production in the ovaries & the production & secretion of testosterone in the testes. | Lutenizing Hormone |
| Ant Pituitary Hormone that plays a part in breast development in women & initiates milk production when stimulated by the CNS. Also involved in immune function | Prolactin |
| Ant. Pituitary Hormone that acts on the pigment cells in the skin and the adrenal glands. | Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone |
| Post. Pituitary Hormone that stimulates smooth muscle contraction especially in the uterus, stimulates the milk letdown response. | Oxytocin |
| Post. Pituitary Hormone aka vasopressin that stimulates the kidneys to remove water from urine and release it into the bloodstream. | Antidiuretic Hormone |
| Where is the thyroid gland located? | It lies on the trachea below the thyroid cartilage. |
| A gland of the Endocrine System that regulates metabolism in the body by maintaining an adequate amt. of oxygen consumption at the cellular level | Thyroid gland |
| Hormone secreted by the Thyroid gland that inhibits bone reabsorption by limiting the rate at which bone tissue releases calcium to plasma. | Calcitonin |
| Pathological condition of the endocrine system caused by autoimmune dysfuction, symptoms include excessive sweating, weight loss, fatigue, tachycardia, nervousness, warm moist skin, hand tremors & hyperactivity. | Hyperthyroidism |
| A pathological condition which is considered another form of hyperthyroidism that includes an enlarged thyroid gland and abnormal eyeball protrusion. | Graves Diseases |
| A pathological condition of the endocrine system caused by autoimmune dysfunction & a decrease in thyroid-releasing hormone. Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, constipation, hoarseness, bradycardia, skin dryness, weight gain, slowed mental function. | Hypothyroidism |
| A pathological condition that occurs during gestation or infancy due to an absence of thyroid hormones and can result in mental retardation or dwarfism | Cretinism |
| The most severe form of Hypothyroidism causing many of the main symptoms of the disease along with swelling of the face, hands & feet | Myxedema |
| Where are the Parathyroid Glands located? | On the posterior surface of the thyroid lobes. |
| What gland of the Endocrine system causes the release of calcium from bone, & absorbs more calcium from the GI tract, resulting in an increase in blood levels of calcium & phosphorus | Parathyroid Glands |
| Where is the pancreas located? | Behind the stomach |
| A gland of the endocrine system that aids in digestion and produces hormones. | The Pancreas |
| An island of cells within the pancreas that produce the hormones insulin and glucagon. | Islets of Langerhans |
| Which hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by transporting glucose into cells to be used for energy? | Insulin |
| Which hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels? | Glucagon |
| A pathological condition of the Endocrine system that results from the deficient production of glucagon by the pancreas? | Hypoglycemia |
| Pathological condition that results from the pancreas not producing enough insulin or totally stopping insulin production. Symptoms include dehydration, increased thirst, urination & appetite. | Diabetes Mellitus |
| An insulin dependent pathological condition. | Type 1 Diabetes |
| A non-insulin dependent pathological condition. | Type 2 Diabetes |
| Where are the adrenal glands? | On top of each of our kidneys |
| Which part of the Adrenal gland secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine which work together with the Sympathetic Nervous System? | Adrenal Medulla |
| Which part of the Adrenal gland secretes cortisol, aldosterone & gonadocorticoids and are involved in the metabolism of most body cells. | Adrenal Cortex |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that synthesizes certain amino acids into glucose causing a rise in blood sugar. Also converts starches into glycogen in the liver if the body does not acquire enough carbs to use. | Cortisol |
| Hormone secreted by the Adrenal Cortex that causes the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium and water and excrete more potassium and hydrogen. | Aldosterone |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that are similar male & female sex steroids as the ones produced by the ovaries & testes.Significant in the fetus during early puberty. | Gonadocorticoids |
| Path. Cond. where corticosteroid levels in blood & urine are elevated, usually caused by taking large doses of corticosteroid drugs for long periods. Symptoms include edema, hyperglycemia, acne, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, suppressed immunity | Cushing's Syndrome/Disease |
| Where is the Pineal Gland located? | Inside the brain within the diencephalon & surrounded by pia mater |
| Which gland of the endocrine system secretes melatonin, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, & histamine, & regulates the rhythmic patterns of the body? | Pineal Gland |
| Where is the thymus located? | Deep to the sternum and mediastinum of the thorax and between the lungs at the level of the 4th & 5th thoracic vertebra |
| Which gland of the endocrine system is considered the master gland of the immune system and is considered part of the lymphatic system? | Thymus |
Created by:
CEckhoff
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