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Huge Gov Exam Review
Mr. Johnson's Government Class @ West Ottawa High School
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) | "A plan to create a bicameral legislature - one house based on population, the other with 2 representatives from each state" |
| John Locke | Philosopher who defined the Social Contract as an agreement between the government and the people |
| Hobbes | "Philosopher who felt people were selfish and mean, so they needed a king to keep them under control" |
| Thomas Jefferson | He wrote the Declaration of Independence and used ideas from philosopheres like Locke to make his argument |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the constitution |
| First 10 Amendments | The Bill of Rights |
| Freedom & Security | Governments struggle to balance these for their people |
| Magna Carta | English document written in 1215; first time a king gave up some power |
| Sovereignty | Supreme authority to govern |
| Monarchy | King or Queen is head of the government |
| Anarchy | No government; chaos |
| Oligarchy | A small group is in charge |
| Expressed Powers | Powers written out or listed in the constitution |
| Concurrent Powers | Powers shared by the states and the national government |
| Separation of Powers | Each of the three branches have distinct powers that are different from each other |
| Federalism | "Division of power between national, state and local governments" |
| Confederate | "A group of states joined together for a common purpose, but with a weak central government" |
| Unitary | All government powers are located in one place |
| Amendments | Changes to the constitution; have helped the adapt and change as needed |
| House of Representatives | The number of representatives from each state is based on the population of that state |
| Senate | "Each state is allowed two representatives, no matter what size the state is" |
| Committee | Small groups of members of congress that deal with specific issues; most of the work of Congress is done here |
| Congress | Legislative branch; Made up of 2 houses: House & Senate |
| 435 | Number of representatives in the House |
| 538 | Number of electors in the electoral college |
| 100 | Number of senators in the senate |
| 270 | Number of electoral college votes needed to win |
| 25 years old | Minimum age to become a member of the House of Representatives |
| 30 years old | Minimum age to become a member of the Senate |
| 35 years old | Minimum age to become president |
| 6 years | Length of a term for a Senator |
| 2 years | Length of a term for a Representative |
| 4 years | Length of a term for the President |
| 10 years | Maximum number of years a President may serve |
| Vice President | President of the Senate; Next in line of president cannot do his job |
| Speaker of the House | Leader of the House of representatives |
| President Pro Tempore | Leader of the Senate when the Vice President is not there |
| Constituents | The group of people represented by an elected official |
| Electors | The people who cased electoral votes based on the popular vote in their state |
| Electoral College | System that actually elects the President |
| Bill | A proposed law |
| Appellate | When a court hears cases that have already been dealt with by a lower court |
| Original | When a case starts in that court - has never been a case before |
| Concurring | "When a SC Justice agrees with the majority, but has different reasons" |
| Dissenting | When a SC Justice disagrees with the majority ruling |
| Majority Opinion | Final ruling supported by more than half of the justices |
| Minority Opinion | Opinion of justices who do not support the majority ruling |
| Commander in Chief | Power of the president to send the military in to action |
| Cheif Diplomat | Power of the president to make treaties and agreements with other countries |
| Appointment Power | "Power of the president to select diplomats, judges, and his own staff members" |
| Progressive Tax | A tax that changes % as income changes |
| Regressive Tax | A tax that stays the same % no matter what |
| Presidential Succession | "President, Vice President, Speaker of the House, President Pro Tempore, Secretary of State" |
| Executive Branch | The branch with the president; Carries out laws |
| Legislative Branch | Congress - makes the laws |
| Judicial Branch | Supreme Court - Interprets the law |
| Supreme Court | The Judicial Branch |
| Life | Length of time a Supreme Court Justice may serve is he/she chooses |
| Democrats | "Political party whose members tend to be younger, more diverse, and in favor of change" |
| Republicans | "Political party whose members tend to be older, more wealthy, conservative" |
| Immigration Naturalization Service | INS |
| Jus Soli | Citizenship is automatic because you're born IN the United States |
| Jus Sanguinis | Citizenship is automatic because your parents are American citizens |
| Deportation | Process of removing an alien (legal or illegal) from the US and sending them back to their home country |
| Expatriation | Process of giving up your citizenship voluntarily |
| Immigration | Moving from one country to another |
| Permanent Resident | Someone who is not yet a citizen but has permission to live and work in the United States. Cannot vote or hold office |
| Legal Alien | "Someone who has permission to be in the United States temporarily - students, workers, tourists" |
| Illegal Alien | Someone who does not have permission to be in the United States |
| 5 years | Number of years one must live in the US legally before becoming a citizen |
| Caucus | Meeting of party members to choose a candidate to run in an election |
| Primary | An election (open or closed) where people vote to choose a candidate to run in an election |
| Plain Folks | "Campaign ad with normal, everyday people showing their support for a candidate" |
| Bandwagon | "Campaign ad that encourages you to vote for someone because ""everyone else is doing it""" |
| Glittering Generality | Campaign ad that makes everything seem like it's great because of that candidate |
| Card Stacking | Campaign ad that takes a few specific facts out of context to make someone look good/bad |
| Marbury vs. Madison | Supreme Court case that established the precedent of Judicial Review |
| Judicial Review | Idea that the Supreme Court has the power to evaluate laws and decide if they are constitutional or not |
| Checks & Balances | Relationship between the branches of government that keeps one of them from getting too much power |
| The People | "Ultimately, the government gets it power from..." |
| Dictator | Someone who takes power through violence |
| District Courts | Lowest of the federal courts; original jurisdiction; 94 in the US |
| Supreme Court | Highest of the federal courts; set up in the constitution; both original and appellate jurisdiction |
| Courts of Appeals | Between the district courts and the supreme court; only has appellate jurisdiction |
| Chief of Party | Responsibility of the President to lead his/her political party |
| Chief Executive | Responsibility of the President to manage the various agencies and departments of the federal government |
| Chief Legislator | Power of the President to veto laws or suggest that a law be made |
| Quota | Numerical limit on the number of immigrants allowed in the US each year |
| Duties | "Something one MUST do as a citizen, or face the consequences" |
| Interest Group | Group of people who gather together to draw attention to ONE issue or policy |
| Political Party | Group of people who share similar ideas and values about how the country should be governed |
| Voter Registration | Required in order to vote - prevents people from voting more than once or casting false ballots |
| Gerrymandering | Dishonest rearranging congressional districts to benefit a political part or interest |
| Filibuster | Talking a bill to death in the Senate |
| Reapportionment | Process or redrawing congressional districts to adjust for population changes |
| Lobbyist | Someone whose job it is to contact members of the government and try to change their mind or influence their decision making |
| 1st Amendment | "Right to free speech, religion, press, assembly, or to petition the government" |
| 2nd Amendment | The right to bear arms |
| 4th Amendment | "The right to privacy, no illegal search and seizures, police need a warrant" |
| 5th Amendment | "The right to remain silent, the right to due process of law" |
| 6th Amendment | The right to a lawyer and a fair trial |
| 8th Amendment | No cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail |
| 9th Amendment | Any rights not listed belong to the people |
| 10th Amendment | Any powers not listed belong to the state governments |
| 14th Amendment | Established citizenship by birth after the CIvil War |
| 15th Amendment | "Gave the right to vote to ALL MEN, including former slaves and those without property" |
| 19th Amendment | Gave the right to vote to women |
| 22nd Amendment | Set term limits for the president after FDR had been elected 4 times in a row |
| 26th Amendment | Changed the voting age from 21 to 18 |
Created by:
WOHSJohnson
Popular American Government sets