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MAT philosophy Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Aristotelianism medieval study and development of Aristotle's philosophy
atomism the belief that matter consist of atoms
dialectical materialism a metaphysical doctrine originally propounded by Engels and held by Marxist. Matter is primary and is covered by dialectical laws.
empiricism the view that all knowledge is derived from experience; Locke, Berkeley, and Hume are notable empiricists.
existentialism the view that the subject of philosophy is being, which can't be made the subject of objective inquiry but can only be investigated by reflection on one's own existence. Kierkegaard and Sartre.
idealism the view that the so-called "external world" is actually a creation of the mind. Berkeley and Hegel
logical positivism a radical empiricist position; the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consist in the method of its verification
Marxism the body of doctrines originally propounded by Mark and Engels: includes dialectal Materialism
neoplatonism the dominant philosophy in Europe from 250-1250 ce; begun by Plotinus. A combination of Plato's, Aristotle, and Pythagoras ideas
phenomenology a method of inquiry which begins from scrupulous inspection of one's own conscious thought process. Developed by Husserl
pragmatism originally used by pierce as a theory of meaning; later by james a theory of truth.
rationalism the view that knowledge of the external world can be derived from reason alone, without recourse to experience (Descartes, Leibnitz and Spinoza)
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