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endocrine system SUI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In adults, changes in the mixtures of hormones reaching the CNS can have significant effects on: | all the above |
| Which of the following endocrine disorders would not be characterized as a disorder involving growth hormone? | Marfan syndrome |
| The endocrine tissues of the reproductive system of the female produce: | estrogens, inhibin, and progesterone |
| The reproductive system of the male produces the endocrine hormones: | inhibin and testosterone |
| The endocrine functions of the kidney and the heart include the production and secretion of the hormones: | erythropoietin and atrial natriuretic peptic |
| Corticosteroids are hormones produced and secreted by the: | cortex of the adrenal glands |
| Secretions from which of the following areas of the cortex would cause Cushing disease? | zona fasciculata |
| The amino acid derivative hormone epinephrine is responsible for: | all the above |
| The protein hormone prolactin is involved with the: | production of milk |
| The glycoprotein hormone FSH in the male is responsible for: | sperm formation and testosterone secretion |
| Which of the following does not stimulate the release of renin from the kidneys? | parasympathetic stimulation |
| Which of the following pancreatic structures secretes large quantities of an alkaline enzyme-rich fluid used to digest materials in the duodenum? | alpha cells pancreatic acini |
| A pituitary endocrine cell that is stimulated by a releasing hormone is usually: | inhibited by the peripheral hormone it controls |
| The hypothalamus has a profound effect on endocrine functions through the secretion of: | releasing and inhibiting hormones |
| The binding of a peptide hormone to its receptor starts a biochemical chain of events that changes the pattern of: | enzymatic activity within the cell |
| All the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, heart, kidneys, thymus, digestive tract, and pancreas are: | peptide hormones |
| The most dramatic functional change that occurs in the endocrine system due to aging is: | a decline in the concentration of reproductive hormones |
| The hormones that are of primary importance to normal growth include: | GH, thyroid hormones, insulin, PTH, reproductive hormones |
| The specialized cells in the parathyroid glands that secrete parathormone are: | chief cells |
| The hormone secreted in large amounts by the thyroid gland is | thyroxine |
| In children, when sex hormones are produced prematurely, the obvious behavioral changes will cause the child to be: | aggressive and assertive |
| In an attempt to restore normal body temperature after its decline, the homeostatic adjustment necessitates: | shivering or changes in the pattern of blood flow |
| Insulin is important to normal growth because it promotes: | providing adequate amounts of energy and nutrients to growing cells |
| The differing but complementary effects of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone on tissues involved in calcium metabolism illustrate the: | integrative effect |
| The additive effects of growth hormone (GH) and glucocorticoids illustrate the: | synergistic effect |
| Which hormone, released from adipose tissue, causes somatic cells to become less responsive to insulin? | resistin |
| One of the major effects of ANP produced by the heart is that it: | decreases thirst |
| A common diabetic-related medical problem is: | partial or complete blindness |
| The hormones produced by the pancreatic islets that regulate blood glucose concentrations are: | insulin and glucagon |
| The pancreas lies in the J-shaped loop between the stomach and the small intestine in the: | abdominopelvic cavity |
| Which of the following statements about the pineal gland is incorrect? | It secretes androgens, along with the gonads. |
| Abnormal glucocorticoid production by the adrenal glands results in: | Addison disease and Cushing disease |
| The hormones released by the adrenal medulla are: | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Endocrine secretions from which of the following adrenal regions would increase levels of sodium ions retained at the kidney? | zona glomerulosa |
| The two pairs of parathyroid glands are embedded in the: | posterior surfaces of the thyroid glands |
| Hypothyroidism, myxedema, and goiter may result from an inadequate amount of: | dietary iodide |
| Which of the following is not an effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues? | maturation of lymphocytes |
| The thyroid gland curves across the anterior surface of the trachea just inferior to the: | thyroid cartilage |
| An abnormally low production of gonadotropin produces a condition called: | hypogonadism |
| The hormone synthesized from molecules of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the pineal gland is: | melatonin |
| The small oval pituitary gland lies nestled within a depression of the sphenoid bone called the: | sella turcica |
| Often, when brains are removed from the body and examined in dissection, the pituitary gland is missing. This is likely because it is encased in which of the following bony structures? | sella turica |
| The hypothalamus is a major coordinating and control center because: | it contains autonomic centers and acts as an endocrine organ |
| Which of the following hormones is secreted in the pituitary gland and controls melanin production during fetal development, in young children, in pregnant women, and in some disease states? | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| A hormone that stimulates the release of calcium and interaction with calmodulin: | will trigger the activation of cytoplasmic enzymes |
| Which of the following would not be classified as an amino acid derivative hormone? | eicosanoids |
| The biogenic amino hormones include: | E, NE, dopamine, melatonin, and thyroid hormones |
| The release of hormones by endocrine cells alters the: | metabolic activities of many tissues and organs simultaneously |
| Which of the following would not be characterized as an endocrine-controlled process? | the constriction of the iris muscles when a bright light is shined in the eye |
| Response patterns in the endocrine system are particularly effective in: | coordinating cell tissue and organ activities on a sustained long-term basis |
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