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CHAP 5-Integumentary
UHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Integumentary system | the skin, and its accessory structures- hair,nail,skin glands |
| Integument | another name for skin; principle organ of the integumentary system |
| Skin | one of a group of anatomically simple but functionally important sheetlike structures called membranes |
| classification of body membranes | 1-epithelial membrane 2-Connective tissue membranes |
| epithelial membranes | composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of specialized connective tissue |
| 3 types of Epithelial tissue | 1-Cutaneous membrane 2-Serous membrane 3-Mucous membranes |
| Cutaneous Membrane | the primary organ of the system;MOST important and certainly one of the largest and MOST visible organs; superficial layer of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of supportive connective tissue |
| Serous Membrane | Composed of two distant layers of tissue; thin layer of simple squamous epithelium and the connective tissue forms a very thin,gluelike basement membrane;secretes a thin,watery fluid that helps REDUCE friction |
| types of Serous membranes | 1-parietal portion 2-visceral portion |
| Partial Portion | lines the wall of a body cavity; much like wallpaper covers the walls of a room |
| Visceral Portion | Covers the surface of organs found in body cavities |
| Pleura | have perietal and visceral layers line the walls of the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs |
| Peritoneum | has perietal and visceral layers line walls of the abdominal cavity |
| Plurisy | a very painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes(pleura)that line the chest cavity and cover the lungs |
| Perionitis | used to describe inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominal cavity;sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix |
| Mucous Membrane | epithelial membranes containing both an epithelial cell and a fibrous or connective tissue layer;line the body surfaces opening directly to the exterior ex. lining of respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive tracts; |
| Mucus | a think, slimy material secreted by epithelial cells of most mucous membranes;keeps membranes moist and soft |
| Lamina Propia | fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in the mucous membranes |
| Mucocutaneous junction | used to describe the transitional area that serves as a point of 'fusion' where skin and mucous membranes meet;ex. eyelids,lips,nasal openings,vulva, & anus |
| Connective Tissue Membranes | DO NOT contain epithelial component |
| Synovial membranes | lining the joints capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones in movable joints |
| Synovial fluid | thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted by membranes that are smooth and slick |
| Bursae | small, cushion-like sacs found between many moving body parts lined by synovial membranes |
| Sebaceous glands | oil-producing gland found in the skin |
| Structure of the Skin | 1-Epidermis 2-Dermis |
| Epidermis | the OUTERMOST layer of the skin;relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium |
| Dermis | the DEEPER&THICKER of the two layers of the skin;thicker than the epidermis and is made of largely of connective tissue |
| Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) | thick layer of loose connective tissue and fat supports the layers of the skin |
| Stratum germinativum | the innermost layer of cells that continually reproduce, pushing new cells toward the surface |
| Keratin | tough,waterproof protein that fill the cell as it approaches the surface and eventually flake off |
| Stratum corneum | tough outer layer of the epidermis |
| Melanin | brown pigment is produced by specialized cells in the deepest layer is responsible for the production of this pigment |
| Blisters | caused by the breakdown of the union between cells or primary layers of the skin |
| Dermal Papillae | upper papillary layer of the dermis is characterized by parallel rows of tiny bumps |
| Dermis Contains | nerve endings, muscle fibers, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and many blood vessels |
| Hair | an accessory structure of the skin |
| Lanugo | soft hair of a fetus and the newborn |
| Hair follicle | epidermal tubelike structure that is required for hair growth |
| Papilla | hair growth begins here |
| Shaft | the visible part of the hair |
| Arrector pili | smooth muscle that produces goose bumps and causes hair to stand up straight |
| Receptor of the skin | accessory structure of the skin;speccialized nerve endings that make it possible for the skin to act as a sense organ |
| Meissner(tectile) Corpuscle | allows the skin to be capable of detecting light touch |
| Pacini(lamellar) corpuscle | allows the detection of pressure |
| Free nerve endings | respond to pain |
| Krause end bulbs (bulboid corpuscles) | detect low-frequency vibration |
| Nails | produced by epidermal cells over the terminal ends of the fingers and toes |
| Nail body | visible part of nail |
| Nail root | lies in a groove and is hidden by the cuticle |
| lunula | crescent-shaped area nearest the root |
| nailbed | may change color with a change in blood flow |
| two types of skin glands | sudoriferous (sweat)gland(2types) -eccrine -apocrine sebaceous gland |
| Sudoriferous (sweat) gland | secrete sweat; 2 types eccrine and apocrine |
| eccrine sweat glands | MOST numerous,important, widespread of the sweat glands;produce perspiration, flows out through pores on the skin's surface;assists body in heat regulation |
| apocrine sweat glands | found primarily in the axilia and around the genitalia;secrete thicker secretion than the eccrine gland; produces odor |
| Sebaceous glands | secrete oil(sebum) for the hair and skin;increases during adolescence;regulated by sex hormones |
| three common types of skin | 1-cell carcinoma 2-basal cell carcinoma 3-malignant melanoma |
| Cell Carcinoma | a common, slow-growing type of skin cancer;lesions begin as painless, hard, raised nodules and will metastasize |
| basal cell carcinoma | MOST common typr of skin cancer;originates in cells at the base of the epidermis;lesions begin as small raised areas that erode in the center,bleed,and then crust over;less likely to metastasize |
| Malignant melanoma | the MOST serious form of skin cancer;may develop from benign,pigmented moles |
| ABCD rule | self-examination of early detection of malignant melanoma |
| Functions of the Skin | 1-Protection 2-Temperature regulation 3-Sense organ activity 4-Excretion 5-Synthesis of vitamin D |
| Rule of nines | one of the MOST common used methods of determining the extent of burn injury;body is divided into 11 areas of 9%each(1%for genitals) |
| Classification of burns | first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn |
| First-degree burn | cause minor discomfort and some reddening of the skin'NO blistering occurs;tissue destruction is minimal |
| Second-degree burn | involves the the deep epidermal layers;cause injury to the upper layers of the dermis; burns damage sweat gland,hair follicles,and sebaceous glands;blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling,&fluid loss |
| Third-degree burn | COMPLETE destruction of the epidermis and dermis; tissue death extends below the primary skin layers;involve underlying muscles and even the bone;lesions are insensitive to pain immediately after injury because of destruction of nerve ending |
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