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francoism eskema I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SPAIN DURING FRANCOISM (1939-1975) | IDEOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FRANCOISM |
| •Concentration of political power | in Franco's hands |
| • Anticommunism: | the outbreak of the cold war between the USA and the USSR led Franco's regime to defend anticommunism, in order to be accepted by the capitalist countries. |
| • Anti-parliamentary | and opposed to political freedom |
| • National-Catholicism: | the Church controlled social life and education. A strict moral Catholic in public and in private was imposed. |
| • Defense of the Unity of Spain: | Opposed to any political autonomy and Castilian as the only language allowed (Basque and Catalan banned) |
| • Traditionalism | their idea of Spain was based in the historical past (The Empire) |
| • Militarism | Military relevance (parades, uniforms, anthem, flag...) |
| - Fascists features: | Symbols and uniforms |
| Worship of the leader (Caudillo) | Violence as a political weapon |
| Social grounds | of the Dictatorship |
| • Land owning and financial oligarchy | recover their social hegemony |
| • Rural middle Classes of the North and Castile | (Catholic influence) |
| - Urban middle classes and workers against | against |
| O At the beginning: | systematic repression, misery and demoralization |
| O After the 60's | economic development kept the middle classes quiet |
| The Regime's | Political Grounds |
| • All political parties | are banned |
| (brutal repression). Sole Party: | FET de las JONS. |
| • Within the regime, under-the Caudillo, | different political families: |
| O "Falangistas" | • Franco was the only leader |
| - Control of social life: | "Frente de Juventudes", "Seccion Femenina" |
| - Pre-eminent during the Axis | , left aside after the Ally victory (WWII) |
| O Military | - Socially relevant but strictly under Franco control |
| • Closer collaborators | were from the military (Carrero Blanco). |
| O Catholics | • Most of the Civil Servants came from catholic circles (Opus Dei) |
| • Importance of the | Church in everyday life |
| O Monarchists | - Carlists were left aside from the beginning, when they joined the Falangists |
| - Carlists were left aside from the beginning, when | they joined the Falangists |
| - Spain was a reign, but | Don Juan (son of Alfonso XIII) was kept away. |
| • Franco kept an equilibrium among | the families to guarantee his total power. |
| POLITICAL EVOLUTION AND INTERNATIONAL SITUATION 1939-1959 | The institutionalization of the regime |
| The dictator established a law system of his own: | "Leyes Organicas" |
| "Fuero del Trabajo", 1938 | Only Syndicate the phalanx (fascist model) |
| "Ley Constitutiva of the Cortes", 1942 | Parliament elected by indirect suffrage of the Corporaciones; family, council, syndicate. Franco's control |
| a "Fuero de los Espanoles", 1945. | Rights declaration (catholic and traditionalist). lt was not a real declaration, just a farce. |
| O "Ley del Referendum Nacional", 1945 | to ratify the dictator's decisions. |
| O "Ley de Sucesion" ,1946. | Spain is a reign but Franco decides who |
| • The Hunger years o Rationing of staple food: | Black Market ("Estraperlo") |
| » o General Corruption: | Contacts with the bureaucrats "Recomendacion" |
| • Repression o "Ley de Responsabilidades Politicas", 1939: | Loads of political prisoners (Concentration Camps, Executions, General Terror) |
| Foreign Policy • Alliance with the Axis | Berlin-Roma—Tokyo: |
| 1940 Interview Franco—Hitler: | Spain did not enter the war. The country was exhausted after the civil war and Franco's pretensions over the French African colonies. |
| But he sent the | "Division AzuI" to fight against the USSR |
| • After 1942: He tried to reconcile himself with the Allies, (resignation of Serrano Suñer) | by giving more relevance to the Catholics (Pope's help). |
| In 1946 the UN | vetoed Spain as an axis ally: economic and political isolation. |
| • End of the Isolation: | The "Cold War" turned Franco (a hard line anti-communist) into a US ally. |
| 1953, USA agreement: American military bases | (Torrejon de Ardoz, Zaragoza, Moron and Rota) in exchange of American economic aid. |
| • First protests: | Workers and University students |
| • 1957 Opus Dei in the government | (technocrats). 1959 Economic Reform. |
| ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION 1939-1959 | The post—war autarchy |
| • Demographically and economically | ruined (Hunger) |
| • Economic answer: | Autarchy and State intervention (Italian fascist model) |
| —Agricultural Control | (harvest and price) |
| — Foreign | Trade control |
| —Setting up of | the "Instituto Nacional de Industria" (INI) in 1941 |
| Economic faiIure: | —Economy recession —Collapse of the agricultural and industrial production —BIack market -Corruption -Axis Allies in the WWII |
| 50's: | the end of the autarchy and the Economic reform (Opus Dei technocrats) |
| ¤ Partial Liberalization of | prices and trade; end of the rationing in 1952 |
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prettyreckless
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