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AP GOPO Clauses
Scott's Key Constitutional Clauses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bill Of Attainder | Congress cannot pass a law that singles out a person for punishment without trial |
| Commerce Clause | Congress can regulate trade between nations, between states, and among Indian tribes |
| Contracts Cause | States cannot pass a law that interferes with a contract |
| Due Process Clause (5th Amendment) | The national government cannot deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process |
| Due Process Clause (14th Amendment) | State governments also cannot deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process |
| Elastic Clause | Congress can exercise powers not specifically stated in the Constitution if those powers are “necessary and proper” for carrying out its expressed powers that are specifically stated |
| Equal Protection Clause | States cannot discriminate against individuals |
| Establishment Clause | Congress cannot establish an "official" religion |
| Ex Post Facto Clause | Congress cannot pass a law, and then punish a person who had committed the crime before the law was passed |
| Extradition Clause | Any person who commits a crime and flees to another state must return to to the state that the crime was committed |
| Free Exercise Clause | Congress cannot pass laws that ban freedom of worship |
| Preamble | Describes the constitution's broad purposes |
| Privileges and Immunities Clause | A state cannot discriminate citizens in another state |
| Reserved Power Clause (10th Amendment) | Any powers not granted to the national government is reverted to the states |
| Search and Seizure Clause (4th Amendment) | Authorities do not have the ability to search or arrest an individual at any time or place and can only do so if there is reason to do so |
| Supremacy Clause | Federal law is above that of state law |
| Takings Clause (5th Amendment) | Government can take private property for a public purpose, but it must provide fair compensation to the owners of that property |