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BIO 220 Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex | Addison's Disease |
| Hypersecretion of growth hormone after puberty | Acromegaly |
| Hyposecretion of insulin | Diabetes mellitus |
| Hyposecretion of growth hormone | Pituitary Dwarfism |
| Autoimmune disorder of thyroid | Grave's Disease |
| Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex | Cushing's Disease |
| Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in adults | Myxedema |
| Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in infants | Cretinism |
| Thyroid | Major regulator of metabolism |
| Adrenal medulla and cortex | Involved with fight or flight, on top of kidneys |
| Hypophysis | Stimulates other endocrine glands |
| Parathyroid | Control calcium and potassium |
| Pancreas | Produces hormones that regulate glucose |
| Thymus | Where T-cells mature, part of immune system, shrinks as you grow older |
| The antagonistic hormones that regulate blood | Calcitonin and Parathyroid |
| The hormones that regulate blood sugar levels are ____ and ______ | Insulin and Glucagon |
| The ____ are the pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin | Beta Cells |
| The _____ are the pancreatic islets cells that produce glucagon | Alpha Cells |
| Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of ________ | Sodium |
| The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is the _______ | Thyroid |
| Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of _______ | Cortisol |
| Sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as _______ | Down regulation |
| The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________ | The presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ |
| Thyroid hormone enters target cells in a manner similar to ________ | steroid hormones (or lipid-soluble) because both diffuse easily into target cells |
| The major targets of growth hormone are _______ | Bones and skeletal muscles |
| The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through ________ | Targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts (or osteoblasts) |
| Leptin is secreted by ________ | Adipocytes |
| Know the mechanism of calcium homeostasis | Thyroid prodces calcitonin---> calcium goes back into bones. Parathyroid produces PTH --> Increases calcium |
| What is the function of FSH in males? | Along with testosterone, produces sperm |
| Hormone that stimulates production of RBCs is ____ | Erythropoietin (EPO) |
| The hormone regulating electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is _____ | Aldosterone |
| Name hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) | FSH, LH, GH, ACTH, PRL, TSH |
| Name the steroid-based hormones | Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Aldosterone |
| Name the categories of endocrine gland stimuli | Humoral, hormonal, neural |
| Know structural and functional characteristics of WBCs | Granulocytes: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, Monocytes |
| Multi-lobed nucleus, act as phagocytes for bacteria, largest number of leukocytes | Neutrophil |
| Bi-lobed nucleus, red granules, kill parasites | Eosinophil |
| Bi-lobed nucleus, Purple/Black granules, release histamine under allergy attacks(heparin) | Basophil |
| Spherical nucleus, Pale blue cytoplasm, attacks foreign cells | Lymphocyte |
| U-shaped nucleus, gray/blue cytoplasm, largest size of leukocytes, develop into phagocytes | Monocyte |
| What are Eicosanoids | Inflammation mediators Ex: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Prostacyclins |
| Understand structural and functional characteristics of hypophysis | Anterior=true gland (adenohypiphysis), makes and releases hormones Posterior=nueral tissue, stores and releases hormones |
| The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ______ | Hypophyseal portal system |
| The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland is through the | axons |
| The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ______ | It is a storage area only |
| Normal development of the immune response is due to hormones produced by____ | Thymus |
| LH is also referred to as a _____ | Gonadotropin |
| ADH secretion will increase when blood pressure | Decreases |
| The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is _______ | Gluconeogenesis |
| The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is the ______ | Thyroid |
| The presence of an exophthalmic goiter is associated with ______ | Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) |
| What characteristics are associated with hyposecretion of thyroid hormones? | Cushing's Disease (weight gain, fatigue, buffalo hump, moon face) |
| Decreases plasma calcium | Calcitonin |
| Regulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormone | TSH |
| Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones | ACTH |
| Stimulates milk production | Prolactin |
| Promotes development of T-cells | Thymosin |
| Increase in WBCs | Leukemia |
| Too few RBCs | Anemia |
| Too many RBCs | Polycythemia |
| Air or clot blocking vessel | Embolism |
| Any disorder of RBCs | Erythrocytosis |
| Chemical components of the Hemoglobin molecule | 4 peptide chains (2 alpha+2 beta)=heme molecule |
| Functions of blood | Regulation, protection, maintenance |
| Blood types | Universal donor: O- Universal Recipient: AB+ |
| Organs regulating RBC production | Bone marrow, kidney, liver |
| The parent cell for all formed elements of blood is _____ | Hemocytoblast |
| The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called____ | Diapedesis |
| How would an increased in amount of heparin affect blood clothing? | blood thinner and doesn't clot very well |
| What is the purpose of RhoGam injections? | Keeps Rh- mother's body from attacking Rh+ baby |
| In what situations might Rh incompatibility develop? | Rh- mother, Rh+ baby |
| Different types of capillaries | Continuous (brain and skin), fenestrated (kidneys), sinusoids (liver) |
Created by:
NCBuckeye11
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