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Heart and Blood
Heart and Blood Study Sheet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 Types of lymphotctes | B lymphocytes -> secrete chemical compounds. T lymphocytes -> directly attacking bacteria or canerous cell. |
| AED | Automatic External Defibrillators -> small light weight devices that detect a person's heart rhythem using small electrode pads placed on the torso. Doesn't require training. |
| Aggulutination | Antibodies causing antigens to clump or stick together |
| Angina pectoris | Servere chest pain, resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficent oxygen. |
| Aorta | main and largest artery in the body |
| Apex of the heart | blunt point of the heart, where you can hear the heart, sits on the dyhphram, inferer part of the heart. |
| Aplastic anemia | blood disorder characterized by a low red blood cell count, caused by destruction of myeloid tissue into the bone marrow (caused by raditation therapy or toxic chemicals) |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries, materials such as lipids accumulate in arterial walls, often becoming hardened via calcification |
| Atherosclerosis | hardening of arteries in which lipids (fat) and other substances build up on the inside wall of blood vessels. |
| Atria | two upper chambers of the heart/ Recieving chamber |
| Basophill (Grandular WBC) | inflammatory response & heparin secrection/ white blood cell that stains readily with basic dyes |
| Blood flow through the heart | Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular) -> Right ventricle -> Plumonary semilunar valve -> lungs -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Biscupid/Mitral/Left atrioventricular -> Left ventricle ->aortic semilunar valve -> Aorta -> Body |
| Blood plasma | Liquid (extracellular part of blood or blood minus its formed elements) |
| Blood serum | plasma minus its clotting factors, such as fibrinogen & prothrombin |
| Blood types (type A) | ABO system Type A -> type of antigen (protein) in plasma membrane of you RBC's (red blood cells) that has been present since birth, plasma doesn't contain anti-A antibodies but contains anti-B antibodies |
| Blood types (type B) | Type B -> the RBC's contain type B antigen & the plasma contains anti-A antibodies |
| Blood types (type AB) | Type AB -> the RBC's contain both type A & type B antigens & the plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies |
| Blood types (type O) | Type O -> its RBC's contain neither type A nor type B antigens & its plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies |
| Bradycardia | slow heart rhythem-> less than 60 beats per minute |
| Calcium | if normal amount of blood calcium is present, prothrombin activator triggers the next step of clotting by converting prothrombin to thrombin |
| Cardiac tamponade | compressions of the heart caused by fluid buildup in the pericardial spacem as in pericarditis or mechanical damage to the pericardium |
| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure -> left side heart failure |
| Diastole | relaxation of the heart |
| Dysrhythmia | any abnormality of cardiac rhythem |
| Embolus | a blood clot or other substance that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel. Find in cordinary artries results in mycoardical infraction |
| Eosinphil (Granular WBC) | defense against parasites & worms/ white blood cell that is readily stained by eosin |
| Erythroblastosi | Rh antibodies reacting with Rh-positive RBC's characterized by massive agglutenation of the blood and resulting in life-threatening cirulatory problems |
| Fibrillation | condition in which individual muscle fibers or small groups of fibers contract asynchronously with other muscle fibers in an organ, producing no effective movement |
| Fibrin | insolubule protein in clotted blood |
| Granulocyte | presence of granules. They are Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils. |
| Heart valve disorders | Incomplete Valves Rheumatic Heart Disease Mitral Valve Prolapse/MVP Stenosed Valves |
| Hermatocrit | volume percent of red blood cells in whole blood |
| Hemoglobin in RBC carries.. | oxygen -> the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's cells and it's role in maintenance of acid-bas balance are among the most vital |
| Hemolytic anemia | any of group of blood disorders characterized by deficient or abnormal hemoglobin that causes deformation and fragility of red blood cells |
| Hemorrhagic anemia | group of conditions characterized by low oxygen-carrying capacity of blood; caused by decreased red blood cell (RBC) life span and/or increased rate of RBC destruction |
| Heparin | (PREVENTS CLOTS/ BLOOD THINNER) naturally occuring substance that inhabits formation of a blood clot, used as a drug to inhibit clotting |
| Lymphocyte | one type of white blood cell |
| Mitral valve | heart valve located between the left atrium, causing incompetence of the valve (only 2 cusp) |
| Monocyte | (IN TISSUE) largest type of white blood cell, a type of agranular leukocyte; often involved in phagocytosis of abnormal cells or particles |
| Macrophages | (IN BLOOD) phagocytic cell in immune system |
| Myocardical infarction | heart attack -> (tissue dies, part of the muscle dies) death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis |
| Neutrophil (Grandular WBC) | immune defense (take them in their own bodies and digest them in the process of phagocytosis) |
| Nutrients requirred to manufacture hemoglobin | Iron (Fe)-> essential (gives hemoglobin its oxygen-carrying ability) Vitamin B12 and Folate -> manufactures the amount of hemoglobin to maintain survial |
| P-Wave | occurs with depolatization of the atria |
| Pericarditis | condition in which the pericardium becomes inflamed |
| Pericardium | membrain that surrounds the heart |
| Pernicious anemia | (Deficiency type) results from a dietart deficiency of vitamin B12 or form the failure of stomach lining to produce "instrinsic factor" - the substance allows vitamin B12 to be absorbed |
| Plasma proteins | any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins (retain water in blood), globulins(protect against infection), and fibrinogen & prothrombin (helps with blood clotting) |
| Prothrombin | a protein present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting |
| Rh positive | the RBC's of this blood type contain an antigen call Rh factor |
| Rh negative | the RBC's do not have the Rh antigens on their surfaces |
| Semilunar valves | valves located between the 2 ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart,valves found in the veins (kinds are Pulmonary-in & aortic- out) last gate keeper/dub sound valves closing cuz blood flow through ventricles |
| Sickle cell anemia | (hemolytic anemia type) severe, possibly fatal, hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin |
| Stroke Volume | the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat |
| Superior vena cava | one of two large veins returning deoxygented blood to the right atrium |
| Inferior vena cava | one of two large veins carrying blood into the right atrium |
| Systole | contraction of the heart muscle |
| T-Wave | results from electrical activity generated by repolarization of the ventricles |
| Tachycardia | rapid heart rhythm -> more than 100 beats per minute |
| Thalassemia | (hemolytic type) any group of inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by production of hypochromic, abnormal red blood cells |
| Thrombocyte | blood cells that play a role in blood clotting, also called platelets |
| Thrombus | stationary blood clot |
| Tissue plasminogen activator/ TPA | (TAKE ONLY IF YOU HAVE A CLOT) naturally occurring substance that activates plasminogen & converts it to the active enzyme plasmin, which in turn dissolve fibrin blood clots |
| Tricusoid valve (right artioventricular valve | the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle (only 3 cusp) |
| Universal donor | blood type O |
| Ventricles | small cavities |
| Caridac output | volume of blood pumped per minute |
| Perocardium | visceral pericardium/epicardium- inner layer partietal pericardium- outter layer(sac) |
| Nongranular WBC | lymphocytes & monocytes |
| Stenosed Valves | are narrower than normal |
| Incomplete valves | leaks allowing blood to flow back into the chamber from which it came |
| Rheumatic heart disease | cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcay infection (occur most in children) |
| Mitral valve prolapse/MVP | condition affecting the biscupid valve has a genetic basis in some cases but can result from rheumatic fever or other factors |
Created by:
jearl
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