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AP GOPO Key Cases
Mr. Scott's AP class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mapp v Ohio | Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court. |
| Gideon V Wainright | Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them. |
| Miranda V Arizona | Established Miranda Warnings of counsel and silence. Must be given before questioning. |
| Gitlow V New York | Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech--protected through the due process clause of Amendment 14 |
| Palko V Connecticut | Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be federalized--those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist. |
| DC V Heller | Struck down a Washington DC ordinance that banned handguns. |
| Schenck V US | Clear and present danger test; shouting "fire" in a crowded theater; limits on speech, esp. in wartime. |
| Buckley V Valeo | 1st Amendment protects campaign spending; legislatures can limit contributions, but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns. |
| Texas V Johnson | Struck down Texas law that banned flag burning, which is a protected form of symbolic speech. |
| Ashcroft V ACLU | Struck down a federal ban on "virtual" child pornography. |
| Engel V Vitale | Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of Amendment One's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court's judicial activism. |
| Abbington V Schempp | Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and due process clause. |
| Lemon V Kurtzman | Allowed states to provide textbooks and busing to students attending private religious schools. Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecualr purpose, advances/ inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with gov't. |
| Employment Division of Oregon V Smith | States could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote even though the use of the drug was part of a religious ritual. |
| Zelman V Simmons-Harris | Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs. |
| Griswald V Connecticut | Established right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments. Set a precendent for Roe V Wade. |
| Roe V Wade | Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines: no state interference in 1st, state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd, state may regualte to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. Inferred from right of privacy. |
| Webster V Reproductive Health Services | More leeway for states in regulating abortion, though no overturning of Roe V Wade. |
| Planned Parenthood V Casey | States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose "undue burden" upon women; gave more leeway to states but did not overturn Roe V Wade. |
| Lawrence V Texas | Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy. |
| Kelo V City of New London | Eminent domain case: Local governemnts may force the sale of private property and make way for private economic development when officials decide it would benefit the public. |
| Gonzales V Carhart | upheld Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. |
| Plessy V Ferguson | Established separate but equal. |
| Brown V Board 1st | School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment; unanimous vote. |
| Brown V Board 2nd | Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed". |
| U.C. Regents V Bakke | Alan Bakke and UC Davis Medical School; strict quotas unconstitutional, but states may allow race to be ONE factor in admissions decisions. Bakke admitted. |
| Gratz V Bollinger | Struck down use of "bonus points" for race in undergrad admissions at University of Michigan |
| Grutter V Bollinger | Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at University of Michigan. |
| Baker V Carr | "One man, one vote". Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population. |
| Wesberry V Sanders | Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible. |
| Shaw V Reno | No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. |
| Bush V Gore | Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000. |
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johnthief
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