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Institutions
Unit 4 Congress, Executive, Judicial, Bureaucracy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| appropriation | Government spending |
| authorization | When a law is passed setting up a government program, Congress must pass an authorization bill that states the maximum amount of money available |
| bicameral | Two house legislature creating the Congress with an upper house/senate and a lower house the HofR |
| caucuses | groupings of members of Congress sharing the same interests or points of view that help to elevate issues to national policy |
| Christmas-tree bill | A bill with many riders is known as a Christmas-tree bill, |
| closed rules | sets strict time limits on debates and forbids amendments from the floor, except those from the presenting committee. Under closed rule, members not on the committee have little choice but to vote for or against the bill as it is. |
| Open rules | permits amendments and often has less strict time limits, allowing for input from other members |
| cloture | filibuster may be stopped by a cloture, in which three-fifths of the entire Senate membership must vote to stop debate |
| Committee of the Whole | Important bills in the House, including all bills of revenue, must first be referred here sits on the floor, directed by the chairman of the sponsoring committee. The quorum is only 100 members, and the debate is conducted by the committee chairman. |
| conference committees | Held when two houses pass different versions of the same legislation. |
| Easley v. Cromartie | USSC 2001 stated that redistricting for political reasons did not violate Civil Rights Law, NC's 12th congressional district was drawn based upon voting behavior, instead of upon racial characteristics. |
| ,ãelastic clauseä | Art 1 Sec 8 Clause 17 allows for the Constitutional powers of Congress to be stretched when necessary and proper |
| filibuster | the practice of talking a bill to death |
| germane amendments | Committee of the Whole that has strict rules for amendments relevant to the topic of the bill in question |
| gerrymandering | District boundaries are drawn in strange ways in order to make it easy for the candidate of one party to win election in that district |
| incumbency | those who already hold the office, with secure seats, has increased dramatically |
| joint committees | consist of members from both the House and Senate. They are set up to conduct business between the houses and to help focus public attention on major issues |
| logrolling | when a member of Congress supports another member's pet project in return for support for his or her own project |
| majority leader of the House malapportionment, | responsible for scheduling bills and for rounding up votes for bills the party favors |
| majority leader of the Senate | he most influential person in the Senate, and has the right to be the first senator heard on the floor. The majority leader determines the Senate's agenda and usually has much to say about committee assignments |
| malapportionment | Drawing districts of unequal sizes and populations made unconstitutional in Wesberry v. Sanders |
| marking up | when member of the Congress read openly legislation and offer additions and subtractions |
| minority leader of the House | Manages the minority party and replaces the Speaker when the minority takes over majority (usually) |
| minority leader of the Senate | Powerless oppositional leader to the majority |
| minority/majority districting | rearranging districts to allow a minority representative to be elected |
| oversight | Congress reviews and restricts the annual budget prepared by the executive branch |
| party whips | serve as go-betweens for the members and the leadership. They inform members when important bills will come up for a vote, do nose-counts for the leadership, and pressure members to support the leadership. |
| simple resolutions | passed by either House establishes rules, regulations, or practices that don't have the force of law. For example,congratulating a staff member for doing a good job. Sometimes set the rules under which each body operates. |
| pork barrel legislation | refers to benefits for a representative's districts, and bills that give those benefits to constituents in hope of gaining their votes |
| president pro tempore | official chair of the senate but the job has no real powers |
| resolutions: concurrent | comes from both houses, often settles housekeeping and procedural matters that affect both houses.not signed by the president and do not have the force of law. |
| revenue bills | All spending legislation must begin in the HofR |
| seniority system | member with the longest continuous service on the committee was placed automatically in the chairmanship...not always true since the mid 70s w/ the secret ballot began in selecting leaders |
| select committees | formed for specific purposes and are usually temporary |
| 3Speaker of the House | Most important person in the HofR.Power include: recognizing members who wish to speak # ruling on questions of parliamentary procedure # appointing members to select and conference committees |
| standing committees | the most important type because they handle bills in different policy areas, thus shaping legislation it a very critical point |
| term limits | With the growing prevalence of incumbency, supporters of term limits believe that popular control of Congress has weakened and that members may become dictatorial or unresponsive to their constituents. |
| votes: teller, voice, division, roll call, electronic | teller, members file past the clerk voice, simply shout "yea" or "nay". division, members stand to be counted roll call people answering "yea" or "nay" to their names. electronic, insert a plastic card in a slot to record vote> most common one today |
| joint resolution | requires the approval of both houses and the signature of the president, and is essentially the same as a law. Joint resolutions are sometimes passed when the houses of Congress react to an important issue that needs immediate attention. |
Created by:
dkaplan
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