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skeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | a socket in the pelvic bone where the thigh bone joins the pelvis. |
| acromion | highest part of the shoulder where the clavicle and scapula meet |
| articulation | a joint which binds two bones together |
| ligaments | connective tissue which binds bone to bone |
| skeletal muscles | a.k.a voluntary or striated muscles which attach to bone |
| smooth muscles | muscles found in visceral organs and blood vessels |
| synovial joints | freely moving joints |
| tendons | connective tissue which binds muscle to bone |
| frontal bone | the frontal bone forms the forehead and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs |
| occipital bone | the single occipital bone forms the back of the head and the base of the skull. |
| temporal bones | the two temporal bones form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull. |
| mandibular bone | lower jaw bone |
| lacrimal bones | the two small lacrimal bones are paper thin and shaped somewhat like a finger nail. inner corner of each eye forming the sidewall of the nasal cavity and the middle wall of the eye orbit. |
| cervical vertebrae | first segment of the vertebral column, first seven bones of the vertebral column. |
| thoracic vertebrae | the second segment is the thoracic vertebrae consisting of the next 12 vertebrae. |
| lumbar vertebrae | the third segment, consisiting of the next five vertebrae. the larger and heavier than the other vertebrae, and support the back and lower trunk of the body. |
| sacrum | the fourth segment of the vertebral column. located below the lumbar vertebrae. single triangular-shaped bone that resulted from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child. wedged between two hip bones, attached to the pelvic girdle. |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| xiphoid process | the lower portion of the sternum. |
| humerus | the upper arm bone, joins the scapula above and the radius and ulna below |
| radius | one of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bones below. lateral or thumb, side of the arm. |
| ulna | is the second of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bones below. medial, or little finger, side of the arm. |
| carpals | bones of the wrists (8 carpal bones per wrists) |
| metacarpals | bones of the hand |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers |
| ilium | the largest of the three hip bones |
| iliac crest | the upper curved edge of the ilium |
| ischium | the lowest part of the hip bones and is the strongest of the pelvic bones. |
| femur | the thigh bone |
| patella | the knee bone or kneecap |
| tibia | the larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones. |
| fibula | is more slender of the two larger leg bones and is lateral to the tibia. |
| tarsals | bones of the ankle |
| metatarsals | the bones of the foot |
| phalanges | bones of the toes, each toe has 3 phalangeal bones. |
| condyle | knucklelike projection at the end of a bone. |
| diaphysis | main shaftlike portion of a bone |
| epiphyseal line | a layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone; known as the epiphyseal plate |
| epiphysis | the end of a bone |
| false ribs | rib pairs 8 - 10 which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front because they join the seventh rib in the front. |
| flat bones | bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum. |
| floating ribs | rib pairs 11 and 12 which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front. |
| fontanelle or fantanel | space between the bones of an infants cranium;"soft spot" |
| foramen | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass. |
| hematopoiesis | the normal formation and development of the blood cells in the bone marrow |
| intercostal spaces | spaces between the ribs |
| intervertebral disc | a flat, circular platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion or shock absorber between the vertebrae |
| long bones | bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur. |
| ossification | the conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone, the formation of bone. |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue. |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells. |
| periosteum | the thick, white,fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone. |
| short bones | bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone. |
| sinus | an opening or hollow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone. |
| sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone a fissure |
| sutures | immovable joints, such as those of the cranium. |
| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur. |
| ture ribs | the first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front. |
| tubercle | a small rounded process of a bone. |
| osteoporosis | bones that were once strong became fragile due to loss of bone density. |
| osteomalacia | disease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. |
| osteomyelitis | local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood. |
| spinal stenosis | narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini of the lumbar spinal canal. |
| kyphosis | abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback. |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of a portion of the spine. |
| closed fracture | known as a simple fracture. there is a break in a bone but no open wound in the skin. |
| open fracture | compound fracture, there is a break in a bone, as well as an open wound in the skin. |
| compression fracture | caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other, as in the compression of one vertebra against another. |
| impacted fracture | occurs when a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone. |
| colles' fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connection with the wrist bones. |
| hairline fracture a.k.a stress fracture | is a minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment. |
| pathological fracture | occurs when a bone, which is weakened bye a preexisting disease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break. |
| closed reduction | consists of aligning the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction, without making an incision into the skin. |
| open reduction | consists of realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery. |
Created by:
tbutko89
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