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Anatomy/Positioning
Ch 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______ is the term applied to the science of the structure of the body. | Anatomy |
| ______ is the detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body. | Osteology |
| Describe the anatomical position: | standing upright, facing forward with the palms of the hands facing forward. |
| A ______ plane divides the entire body or a body part into right and left segments. A ____ plane divides the body into equal right/left halves. | sagittal; midsagittal |
| What are the two great cavities of the torso? | Thoracic and abdominal |
| An ______ plane can pass through a body part at an angle. | oblique |
| Name the structures which are located within the thoracic cavity? | Pleural membranes, lungs, trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart and blood vessels |
| Name the structures within the abdominal caivty: | peritoneum, liver gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach, intestines, kidneys, ureters |
| Name the structures located within the pelvis: | rectum, urinary, bladder and reproductive system |
| In which quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix located? | RLQ - right lower quadrant |
| Which region of the abdomen is located below the umbilical region? | hypogastric region |
| Which vertebra is located at the mastoid tip? | C1 |
| Which vertebra is located at the gonion? | C2, C3 |
| Which vertebra is located at the hyoid bone? | C3, C4 |
| Which vertebra is located at the thyroid cartilage? | C5 |
| Which vertebra is located at the vertebra prominens? | C7, T1 |
| Which vertebra is located 2" above jugular notch? | T1 |
| Which vertebra is located at the jugular notch? | T2, T3 |
| Which vertebra is located at the level of sternal angle? | T4, T5 |
| Which vertebra is located at the level of inferior angles of scapulae? | T7 |
| Which vertebra is located at the level of xiphoid process? | T9, T10 |
| Which vertebra is located at the inferior costal margin? | l2, L3 |
| Which vertebra is located at the superiormost aspect of iliac crests? | L4, L5 |
| Which vertebra is located at ASIS? | S1, S2 |
| Which vertebra is located at the level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters? | Coccyx |
| Whcih body habitus represents a person of large massive stature in whomthe stomach in located high and nearly horizontal? | hypersthenic |
| Which body habitus is most common? Least Common? | Sthenic; hypersthenic |
| How many bones comprise the skeleton? Axial? Appendicular? | 206; 80; 126 |
| Which structures belongs to the axial skeleton? | skull, rib cage and vertebral column |
| The _____ skeleton supports and protects the head and trunk. The ____ skeleton allows the body to move. | axial; appendicular |
| A tough fibrous connective tissue that covers all bony surfaces except the articular surfaces: | periosteum |
| Long bones have a central cavity called the _______. | medullary cavity |
| The tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones is called the ______. | endosteum |
| _______ ossification begins before birth and forms the entire bulk of the short and irregular bones. | Primary |
| A ______ has two heads and a shaft. Examples include: | long bone; femur, humerus and phalanges |
| Name examples of short bones: | carpals and tarsals |
| Names examples of flat bones: what function do they provide? | cranium, sternum and scapula; protection |
| The vertebrae, facial and pelvic bones are types of _____ bones. | irregular |
| The largest sesamoid bone is the _____. | patella |
| Name the three functional classification of joints and their mobility: | Synarthroses - immovable; amphiarthroses - slightly movable ; diarthroses - freely movable |
| Name the three types of fibrous joints and examples of each: | Syndesmosis - inferior tibiofibular joint; Suture - cranial sutures; Gomphosis - roots of the teeth |
| Do fibrous joints have a cavity? What type of movement do they provide? What about cartilaginous? | Fibrous and cartilaginous joints do not contain a cavity and are immovable. |
| Name the two types of cartilaginous joints and an example of each: | Symphysis - pubic symphysis; Synchondrosis - epiphyseal plate |
| ______ joints permit a wide range of motion and are all freely movable: | Synovial |
| Name the six types of synovial joints and an example of each: | Gliding - intercarpal and intertarsal joints; Hinge - elbow, knee and ankle; Ellipsoid - radiocarpal joints; Saddle - carpometacarpal joint of the thumb; Ball and Socket - hip and shoulder joint; |
| Rounded process at an articular extremity | condyle |
| beaklike or crownlike process | coranoid/coracoid |
| Ridgelike process: | crest |
| Small smooth-surfaced process for articulation with another structure: | facet |
| Hook-shaped process: | hamulus |
| Expanded end of a long bone: | head |
| Less prominent ridge than a crest; a linear elevation: | Line |
| Club-shaped process: | malleolus |
| Projection part or prominence: | protuberance |
| Sharp process: | spine |
| Long, pointed process: | styloid |
| Large rounded and elevated process located at junction of neck and shaft of femur: | trochanter |
| Small, rounded and elevated process: | tubercle |
| Large, rounded and elevated process: | tuberosity |
| Cleft or deep groove: | fissure |
| Pit, fovia or hollow space: | fossa |
| Shallow linear channel: | groove |
| Tubelike passageway running within a bone: | meatus |
| Indentation into a border of a bone: | notch |
| Recess, groove, cavity or hollow space: | sinus |
| Furrow, trench or fissure-like depression: | sulcus |
| Fracture that does not break the skin: | closed fracture |
| Serious fracture in which bones are not in anatomic alignment: | displaced |
| Fracture in which bone retains its normal alignment: | nondisplaced |
| Serious fracture in which the bone projects through the skin: | open |
| Refers to the wall or lining of a body cavity: | Parietal |
| Refers to the covering of an organ: | Visceral |
| An open fracture is also known as an ______ fracture: | compound |
| Refers to parts on the opposite side of the body: | contralateral |
| During the _____ position the feet are higher than the head. | trendelenburg |
| During the ______ position, the head is higher than the feet. | fowlers |
| Circular movement of a limb: | circumduction |
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