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Senses, SC Bio 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| general senses | touch, pain and temp |
| Special senses | hearing, taste, vision |
| Nocicpetors | sense receptor of pain |
| Thermoreceptors | temperature |
| mechanoreceptors | stretch, pressure, etc |
| chemoreceptors | body fluids- ions, glucose etc |
| tarsal glands | modifies sebacious glands, inside eyelids |
| Conjunctiva | transparent mucous membrane |
| Lacrimal apparatus | Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, lacrimal punctum and duct |
| Sclera | avascular, protects and shapes eye (fibrous tunic of the eye) |
| Cornea | light bending apparatus (fibrous tunic of the eye) |
| Choroid | (vascular tunic of the eye)Melanocytes absorb light to prevent reflection |
| Ciliary body | (vascular tunic of the eye) smooth muscle, controls shape of lens |
| Iris | (vascular tunic of the eye) smooth muscle ,controls diameter of pupil |
| retina | (sensory tunic: inner layer) pigmented layer with phagocytes, absorb light and neural layer with photoreceptors with cones and rods. Contains the macula lute and fovea centralis |
| fovea centralis | part of retina, has highest concentration of cones |
| Optic disc | where optic nerve meets |
| vitreous humor in posterior segment | transmits light, holds neural retina against pigmented retina, contributes to intraocular pressure |
| Aqueous humor in Anterior segment | provides nutrient and O_2 to cornea and lens, takes out metabolic waste |
| receptors for hearing and balance... | respond to separate stimuli, are activate independently |
| Outer ear structures | 1)Auricle-outside of ear.2)External auditory meatus-contains ceruminous glans that produce ear wax. 3)tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
| Middle Ear structures | (tympanic Cavity) a small air-filled cavity. 1)Auditory tube-links middle ear to nasopharynx. 2) Ossicles-malleus, incus and stapes |
| Inner Ear structures | 1)Bony labyrinth (cavity in the bone) filled with perilymph, which contains cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. 2)Membranous labyrinth- filled with endolymph.contains cochlear duct, utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts |
| Vestibule | suspended in its perilymph are two sacs; saccule and utricle which house maculae (receptors) |
| Anatomy and Activation of Maculae | Maculae are sensory receptors detecting linear movement, sends nerve impulse to cerebellum, medulla, cerebrum, eyes and skeletal muscle to maintain balance. |
| Semicircular Canals | Membranous semicircular ducts line each canal and communicate with the utricle, house equilibrium receptors called the crista ampullaris. |
| Anatomy and activation of crista ampullaris | receptor for detecting angular movement, located in ampulla of each semicircular canal. Endolymph in the semicircular ducts move briefly in opposite direction of body's rotation, bending crista ampullaris. |
| Cochlea | (3 canals rolled up like a snail) 1) Vestibular duct 2) Tympanic duct and 3) Cochlear duct |
| Vestibular duct | begins at oval window (where stapes meets vestibular duct) contains perilymph |
| Tympanic duct | continuous with vestibular ducts, and ends at the round window; contains perilymph |
| Cochlear duct | includes organ of Corti (sound receptors); contain endolymph |
| Sound and mechanisms of hearing (how it works) | Sound vibration beat against tympanic membrane>displaces ossicles>movement of stapes at oval window>waves perilymph of vest. duct> vibration causes bailer membrane to push hair cells against tectorial membrane, cochlear nerve sends impulses to the brain. |
| Auditory pathway | Impulses from cochlea to spiral gangion, to medulla, to inferior colliculi, to thalamus to auditor cortex |
| Organ of smell | olfactory epithelium, olfactory receptors cells are bipolar neurons with olfactory cilia |
| Gustation (taste) | most taste buds are found on the papillae (bumps on tongue) of tongue mucosa. respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva |
| Taste sensations | Sweet-sugar. Sour-acid. Salty-Sodium. Bitter-Base. Umami (savory, responds to amino acids). Water receptors. |
Created by:
holt.gracea
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