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Saucier
2012 midterm exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Minimum veal stock times | 6-8 hours |
| Minimum fish stock time | 45 minutes |
| Minimum chicken stock times | 3-4 hours |
| Ratio for 1 gallon stock | 5-6 Quarts water, 5-6 pounds bone, 1 pound mirepoix |
| When is a liason used | at the end |
| Binding to a stock | Collagen |
| Minimum vegetable stock times | 30-45 minutes |
| Sauce adds what (4) | 1) moistness, 2) appearance, 3) flavor richness, 4) Interest and appeal |
| Mother Sauces = | liquids + thickener |
| Veloute liquid used | white stock |
| Espagnole liquid used | brown stock |
| Bechamel liquid used | milk |
| Tomato sauce liquid used | tomato puree |
| Hollandaise liquid | clarified butter |
| Roux ratios | 50% fat; 50% flour |
| Finishing techniques (3) | 1) reduction, 2) enriching with butter or cream, 3) Emulsions |
| Stock | a clear, thin liquid flavored by soluble substances extracted from meat, poultry or fish, vegetables and seasonings. |
| Love | 1) start cold, 2) simmer, never boil, 3) skim frequently, 4) strain frequently, 5) cool quickly, 6) store properly, 7) degrease |
| Two types of stocks | White and Brown |
| Fonds Blanc | white stock |
| Fonds Brun | Brown stock |
| Remouillage | rewetting |
| Emulsion | a mixture of 2 or more immiscible liquids (oil and water). |
| Emulsification | the process by which the immiscible liquids become blended. |
| Emulsifiers are present in... | 1) Lecithin (yolks and soy) 2) Honey 3) Mustard |
| Lecithin | a fatty substance occurring in animal and plant tissue. |
| = food cost % | food cost / menu price = |
| = food cost | menu price X percentage = |
| = menu price | food cost / percentage |
| Thickener for Bechamel | white roux |
| Thickener for Veloute | blond roux |
| Thickener for Espagnole | Brown roux |
| Thickener for Tomato | Tomato puree and/or brown roux |
| Thickener for Hollandaise | Egg Yolk |
| Order of 5 mother sauces by thickening agents color | Bechamel, Veloute, Espagnole, Tomato, Hollandaise. |
| Beurre Manie | equal parts butter and flour kneaded. Thickener. |